Section 8.2 — Design Standards

(1) This Subsection applies to the design of sewage systems.

(1) A site evaluation shall be conducted on every site where a new or replacement sewage system is to be installed. (See Note A-8.2.1.2.(1)) (2) The percolation time shall be determined by (a) conducting percolation tests, or (b) classifying the soil according to one of the following methods, (i) the Unified Soil Classification System as described in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-6, “Percolation Time and Soil Descriptions,” or (ii) the Soil Texture Classification as described in Chapter 3 of USDA, “Soil Survey Manual.” (See Note A-8.2.1.2.(2)) (3) Where the percolation time is determined by a percolation test, there shall be a minimum of 3 locations selected, suitably spaced to accurately evaluate the leaching bed area, with the highest percolation time of the tests being used. (See Note A-8.2.1.2.(3))

(1) For residential occupancies, the total daily design sanitary sewage flow shall be at least the value determined in accordance with Table 8.2.1.3.-A. (See Note A-8.2.1.3.(1) and (2)) (2) For all other occupancies, the total daily design sanitary sewage flow shall be at least the value determined in accordance with Table 8.2.1.3.-B. (See Note A-8.2.1.3.(1) and (2)) (3) Where a building contains more than one establishment, the total daily design sanitary sewage flow shall be the sum of the total daily design sanitary sewage flow for each establishment. (4) Where an occupancy is not listed in Table 8.2.1.3.-B, the highest of metered flow data from at least 3 similar establishments shall be acceptable for determining the total daily design sanitary sewage flow. Table 8.2.1.3.-A Residential Occupancy Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.3.(1) Residential Occupancy Volume, litres Apartments, Condominiums, Other Multi-family Dwellings - per person(1) 275 Boarding Houses (a) Per person, (i) with meals and laundry facilities, or, 200 (ii) without meal or laundry facilities, and 150 (b) Per non-resident staff per 8 hour shift 40 Boarding School - per person 300 Dwellings (a) 1 bedroom dwelling 750 (b) 2 bedroom dwelling 1 100 (c) 3 bedroom dwelling 1 600 (d) 4 bedroom dwelling 2 000 (e) 5 bedroom dwelling 2 500 (f) Additional flow for(2) (i) each bedroom over 5, 500 (ii) (A) each 10 m2 (or part of it) over 200 m2 up to 400 m2 (3) , 100 (B) each 10 m2 (or part of it) over 400 m2 up to 600 m2 (3) , and 75 (C) each 10 m2 (or part of it) over 600 m2 (3) , or 50 (iii) each fixture unit over 20 fixture units 50 Hotels and Motels (excluding bars and restaurants) (a) Regular, per room 250 (b) Resort hotel, cottage, per person 500 (c) Self service laundry, add per machine 2 500 Work Camp/Construction Camp, semi-permanent per worker 250 Notes to Table 8.2.1.3.-A: (1) The occupant load shall be calculated using Subsection 3.1.17. (2) Where multiple calculations of sanitary sewage volume is permitted, the calculation resulting in the highest flow shall be used in determining the design daily sanitary sewage flow. (3) Total finished area, excluding the area of the finished basement. Table 8.2.1.3.-B Other Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.3.(2) Establishments(1) Volume, litres Airports, Bus Terminals, Train Stations, Dock/Port Facilities (Food Services excluded) (a) Per passenger, and 20 (b) Per employee per 8 hour shift 40 Assembly Hall - per seat (a) No food service, or 8 (b) Food service provided 36 Barber Shop/Beauty Salon - per service chair 650 Bowling Alleys (Food Service not included) - per lane 400 Churches and Similar Places of Worship - per seat (a) No kitchen facilities, or 8 (b) Kitchen facilities provided 36 Country Club (excluding Food Service) (a) Per resident, 375 (b) Per employee per 8 hour shift, and 50 (c) Per member or patron 40 Day Care Facility per person (staff and children) 75 Dentist Office (a) Per wet service chair, and 275 (b) Per dry service chair 190 Doctors Office (a) Per practitioner, and 275 (b) Per employee per 8 hour shift 75 Factory (excluding process or cleaning waters) - per employee per 8 hour shift (a) No showers, or 75 (b) Including showers 125 Flea Markets(2) (open not more than 3 days per week) (a) Per non-food service vendor space, 60 (b) Per food service establishment / 9.25 m2 of floor space, and 190 (c) Per limited food service outlet 95 Food Service Operations (a) Restaurant (not 24 hour), per seat 125 (b) Restaurant (24 hour), per seat 200 (c) Restaurant on controlled-access highway, per seat 400 (d) Paper service restaurant, per seat 60 (e) Donut shop, per seat 400 (f) Bar and cocktail lounge, per seat 125 (g) Drive-in restaurant per parking space 60 (h) Take-out restaurant (no seating area) (i) per 9.25 m2 of floor area, and 190 (ii) per employee per 8 hour shift 75 Table 8.2.1.3.-B (Cont’d) Other Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.3.(2) Establishments(1) Volume, litres (i) Cafeteria - per meal 12 (j) Food outlet (i) excluding delicatessen, bakery and meat department, per 9.25 m2 of floor space, 40 (ii) per 9.25 m2 of delicatessen floor space, 190 (iii) per 9.25 m2 of bakery floor space, 190 (iv) per 9.25 m2 of meat department floor space, and 380 (v) per water closet 950 Hospitals - per bed (a) Including laundry facilities, or 750 (b) Excluding laundry facilities 550 Long-Term Care Homes, etc. - per bed 450 Office Building(3) (a) Per employee per 8 hour shift, or 75 (b) Per each 9.3 m2 of floor space 75 Public Parks (a) With toilets only per person, or 20 (b) With bathhouse, showers, and toilets per person 50 Recreational Vehicle or Campground Park (a) Per site without water or sewer hook-up, or 275 (b) Per site with water and sewer hook-up 425 Schools - per student (a) Day school, 30 (b) With showers, 30 (c) With cafeteria, and 30 (d) Per non-teaching employee per 8 hour shift 50 Service Stations (no vehicle washing)(3) (a) Per water closet, and 950 (i) per fuel outlet(4), or 560 (ii) per vehicle served 20 Shopping Centre (excluding food and laundry) - per 1.0 m2 of floor space 5 Stadiums, Race Tracks, Ball Parks - per seat 20 Stores(3) (a) Per 1.0 m2 of floor area, or 5 (b) Per water closet 1 230 Swimming and Bathing Facilities (Public) - per person 40 Theatres (a) Indoor, auditoriums per seat, 20 (b) Outdoor, drive-ins per space, or 40 (c) Movie theatres per seat 15 Table 8.2.1.3.-B (Cont’d) Other Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.3.(2) Establishments(1) Volume, litres Veterinary Clinics (a) Per practitioner, 275 (b) Per employee per 8 hour shift, and 75 (c) Per stall, kennel or cage if floor drain connected 75 Warehouse (a) Per water closet, and 950 (b) Per loading bay 150 Notes to Table 8.2.1.3.-B: (1) The occupant load shall be calculated using Subsection 3.1.17. (2) Flea markets open more than 3 days per week shall be assessed using the volumes stated under the heading “Stores”. (3) Where multiple calculations of sanitary sewage volume is permitted, the calculation resulting in the highest flow shall be used in determining the design daily sanitary sewage flow. (4) The number of fuel outlets is considered the maximum number of fuel nozzles that could be in use at the same time

(1) Unless it can be shown to be unnecessary, where the percolation time is 10 min or greater, the location of all components within a sewage system shall be in conformance with the clearances listed in Article 8.2.1.5. or 8.2.1.6. (2) Unless it can be shown to be unnecessary, where the percolation time is less than 10 min, the clearances listed in Articles 8.2.1.5. and 8.2.1.6. for wells, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, rivers, springs or streams shall be increased to compensate for the lower percolation time. (3) No building shall be constructed closer to any part of a sewage system than the clearances listed in Article 8.2.1.5. or 8.2.1.6. (4) If more than one sewage system is located on a lot or parcel of land, there shall be no overlap of any part of the systems.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences 8.2.1.4.(1) and (2), no Class 1, 2 or 3 sewage system shall have a horizontal distance of less than that permitted by Table 8.2.1.5. Table 8.2.1.5. Clearance Distances for Class 1, 2 and 3 Sewage Systems Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.5.(1) Minimum horizontal distance in Minimum horizontal Minimum horizontal distance in metres from a spring used as a distance in metres metres from a lake, river, pond, Minimum horizontal source of potable water or well Sewage System from a well with stream, reservoir, or a spring not distance in metres other than a well with a watertight casing to a used as a source of from a property line watertight casing to a depth of at depth of at least 6 m potable water least 6 m Earth Pit Privy 15 30 15 3 Privy Vault 10 15 10 3 Pail Privy Greywater System 10 15 15 3 Cesspool 30 60 15 3

(1) Except as provided in Sentences 8.2.1.4.(1) and (2), a treatment unit shall not be located closer than the minimum horizontal distances set out in Table 8.2.1.6.-A. Table 8.2.1.6.-A Minimum Clearances for Treatment Units Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.6.(1) Object Minimum Clearance, m Structure 1.5 Well 15 Lake 15 Pond 15 Reservoir 15 River 15 Spring 15 Stream 15 Property Line 3 (2) Except as provided in Sentences 8.2.1.4.(1) and (2), the centre line of a distribution pipe or leaching chamber shall not be located closer than the minimum horizontal distances set out in Table 8.2.1.6.-B and these distances shall be increased when required by Sentence 8.7.4.2.(11). (3) Except as provided in Sentences 8.2.1.4.(1) and (2), a holding tank shall not be located closer than the minimum horizontal distances set out in Table 8.2.1.6.-C. Table 8.2.1.6.-B Minimum Clearances for Distribution Piping and Leaching Chambers Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.6.(2) Object Minimum Clearance, m Structure 5 Well with a watertight casing to a depth of at least 6 m Any other well 30 Lake 15 Pond 15 Reservoir 15 River 15 Spring not used as a source of potable water 15 Stream 15 Property Line 3 Table 8.2.1.6.-C Minimum Clearances for Holding Tanks Forming Part of Sentence 8.2.1.6.(3) Object Minimum Clearance, m Structure 1.5 Well with a watertight casing to a depth of at least 6 m Any other well 15 Spring 15 Property Line 3

(1) This Subsection applies to any tank used in a sewage system for collecting, treating, holding or storing sanitary sewage.

(1) A tank that is used as a treatment unit in a Class 4 sewage system or a holding tank in a Class 5 sewage system shall conform to the requirements of CSA B66, “Design, material, and manufacturing requirements for prefabricated septic tanks and sewage holding tanks.” (2) Material standards, access and construction methods and practices for a tank used for other Classes of sewage systems shall conform to the requirements of CSA B66, “Design, material, and manufacturing requirements for prefabricated septic tanks and sewage holding tanks.” (3) Sentence (2) does not apply to a tank that is an integral part of a prefabricated Class 1 sewage system. (4) Access openings shall be located to facilitate the pumping of all compartments and the servicing of the inlet and outlet of each compartment not accessible by removal of the tank top or part of it. (5) A tank shall not be covered by soil or leaching bed fill having a depth greater than the maximum depth of burial that the tank is designed to withstand. (6) A tank shall be securely anchored when located in an area subject to flooding or where ground water levels may cause hydrostatic pressures.

(1) The minimum working capacity of a septic tank shall be the greater of 3 600 L and (a) in residential occupancies, twice the daily design sanitary sewage flow, or (b) in non-residential occupancies, three times the daily design sanitary sewage flow. (2) Every septic tank shall be constructed in such a manner that any sanitary sewage flowing through the tank will pass through at least 2 compartments. (3) The working capacity of the compartments required in Sentence (2) shall be sized such that (a) the first compartment is at least 1.3 times the daily design sanitary sewage flow but in no case less than 2 400 L, and (b) each subsequent compartment shall be at least 50% of the first compartment. (4) Where multiple tanks are to be used to meet the requirements of Sentences (2) and (3), the tanks shall be connected in series such that (a) the first tank in the series shall have at least a capacity as calculated in Clause (3)(a), however at no time shall a tank having a working capacity of less than 3 600 L be used, (b) all additional tanks after the first tank, excluding pump or dosing tanks shall have at least a working capacity equal to the volume required by Clause (3)(b), (c) the pipe between the outlet of one tank and the inlet of the next tank in the series shall have a minimum slope of 2 percent, (d) there shall be no partitions in the tank except where a partition is required to maintain the structural integrity of the tank, in which case openings within the partition shall be provided to allow the free movement of sanitary sewage throughout the tank, and (e) all piping between tanks shall be continuous and shall be connected to the tank through the use of flexible watertight seals that will permit differential movement between the tanks. (5) Partitions separating the septic tank into compartments shall extend at least 150 mm above the liquid level at the outlet, and there shall be one or more openings through or above the partition. (6) The openings required between compartments referred to in Sentence (2) shall have a total cross-sectional area of at least three times the area of the inlet pipe and be located between the top and a level 150 mm above the liquid level at the outlet to provide for the free flow of air between compartments. (7) Sanitary sewage shall pass from one compartment to another of the septic tank as follows: (a) by means of a device similar to that described in CSA B66, “Design, Material, and Manufacturing Requirements for Prefabricated Septic Tanks and Sewage Holding Tanks” for outlet devices, or (b) through two or more openings through the partition located in a horizontal line, and evenly spaced across the width of the partition, centred at approximately 40% of the liquid depth below the surface of the liquid, and having a total area of between three and five times that of the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe. (8) A septic tank shall be of such design and construction as will permit the collection and holding of sanitary sewage in it to a depth of not less than 1 000 mm, except that a depth of not less than 900 mm is permitted where the excavation is in rock, or to avoid rupture or displacement of the tank due to ground water pressure. (9) Except as provided in Sentences (10) and (11), every septic tank shall be installed in such a manner that the access openings are located not more than 300 mm below the ground surface. (10) Where the top of the septic tank is located more than 300 mm below the ground surface, it shall be equipped with risers that extend from the access opening of the septic tank to within 300 mm of the ground surface. (11) Where risers are used they shall conform to the requirements of CSA B66, “Design, material, and manufacturing requirements for prefabricated septic tanks and sewage holding tanks,” and shall have adequate access openings to allow for regular maintenance of the septic tank.

(1) All holding tanks shall be of such design and construction as will allow the complete removal of solid matter that can be expected to settle in the holding tank through an apparatus or device suitable for allowing the contents of the holding tank to be removed from the holding tank. (2) A holding tank shall have a working capacity of not less than 9 000 L. (3) Where two or more tanks are used to meet the requirement of Sentence (2), they shall be deemed to be one holding tank provided they are connected in such a manner as will allow the sanitary sewage contained in them to flow between the tanks. (4) The working capacity of the tanks described in Sentence (3) shall not include any portion of any tank that cannot be completely drained due to the manner in which the connections are made.