OBC VOLUME 2 · SUPPLEMENTARY STANDARD SB-7Updated for the 2024 Ontario Building Code
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SB-7 — Guards for Housing and Small Buildings
Supplementary Standard SB-7 ("Guards for Housing and Small Buildings") forms part of Volume 2 of the 2024 Ontario Building Code. The full text is reproduced below with a linked table of contents.
On this page:
20241.1.1.1.2.1.1.2.2.2.1.1.2.1.2.2.1.3.20242.1.4.2.1.5.2.2.1.2.2.2.202420243.1.1.3.1.2.3.1.3.3.1.4.3.2.1.3.2.2.3.2.3.20241.2024202420243.20242.202420242.20241.4.20241.4.20241.20241.20241.20243.202420241.202420242024202420242.20242.20241.20243.202420241.20241.202420242.20241.20241.20241.2024202420243.20243.20241.3.2024202420242024
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2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
SB-7 Guards for Housing and
Small Buildings
Section 1 General
1.1.1.Scope (See Appendix A.)
(1) This Supplementary Standard includes details for the construction of wood guards.
(2) Guards located on the exterior of a building, where they may be subject to deterioration, shall be constructed in
accordance with Section 2 of this Supplementary Standard. (See Appendix A.)
(3) Guards located inside a building shall be constructed in conformance with Section 2 or Section 3 of this
Supplementary Standard.
1.2.1.Cantilever Action (See Appendix A.)
(1) The construction details for guards in this Supplementary Standard are based on the assumption that the guard acts
as a cantilever in resisting lateral loads.
1.2.2.Classification (See Appendix A.)
(1) The structural systems of guards described in this Supplementary Standard are grouped into the following
classifications:
(a) Post and Rail Systems, and
(b) Cantilevered Picket Systems.
Section 2 Exterior Guards
2.1.1.Lumber Grades (See Appendix A)
(1) The minimum grade of softwood dimension lumber for posts, rails and joists shall be Northern Species, No. 2.
(2) The minimum grade of softwood dimension lumber for pickets shall be Northern Species, No. 2 Picket grade.
(3) Wood for pickets shall be free of loose knots.
2.1.2.Lumber Dimensions
(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), the minimum sizes of loadbearing elements of wood guards shall conform to
Table 2.1.2.
Table 2.1.2.
Minimum Size of Loadbearing Elements
Guard Element Minimum Size, mm (in)
89 x 89
Post
(4" x 4" nominal)
38 x 89
Top Rail
(2" x 4" nominal)
38 x 89
Bottom Rail
(2" x 4" nominal)
32 x 32
Picket / Baluster
(19/32" x 19/32")
Column 1 2
(2) Where a bottom rail is bevelled, the minimum sizes shown in Table 2.1.2. may be reduced to allow for a bevel, as
detailed in Figure 2.1.2.
38 mm
89 mm
Figure 2.1.2.
Bevel Detail
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2.1.3.Floor Construction (See Appendix A.)
(1) The minimum dimensions of wood floor joists and wood decking shall conform to Table 2.1.3.
(2) Except as provided in Details EA-1 to ED-5, wood decking shall be fastened to each floor joist with nailing
conforming to Table 2.1.3.
Page 2 • SB-7
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Table 2.1.3.
Minimum Size of Floor Elements
Floor Element Minimum size, mm (in)
25 x 140
(5/4" x 6" nominal),
when each plank is fastened with 2 - 63 mm (2½”) nails
Dimension Lumber Decking
38 x 89
(2" x 4" nominal),
when each plank is fastened with 2 - 76 mm (3") nails
38 x 184
Dimension Lumber Joists
(2" x 8" nominal)
Column 1 2
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2.1.4.Connectors (See Appendix A.)
(1) Nails, screws, lag bolts and machine bolts shall not cause splitting of wood elements.
(2) Fasteners shall be resistant to corrosion.
(3) All nails shall be common spiral.
(See also A-2.1.4. in Appendix A for glued joints.)
2.1.5.Decay-Resistant Lumber (See Appendix A.)
(1) Lumber for guard systems and floor systems shall be
(a) a species resistant to decay,
(b) preservative treated to prevent decay, or
(c) pressure-treated.
(2) All cut ends of preservative treated lumber shall be treated to prevent decay.
2.2.1.Post and Rail System
(1) An exterior guard constructed as a Post and Rail System shall conform to the applicable connection details listed in
Table 2.2.1.
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2.2.2.Cantilevered Picket System
(1) An exterior guard constructed as a Cantilevered Picket System shall conform to the applicable connection details
listed in Table 2.2.2.
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Table 2.2.1.
Exterior Post and Rail System Connection Details
Connection Detail Detail Number Description
EA-1 Top rail nailed to post
Top Rail to Post EA-2 Top/bottom rail skew nailed to post with 76 mm (3") nails
and / or EA-3 Top/bottom rail skew nailed to post with 63 mm (21/2") nails
Bottom Rail to Post EA-4 Top/bottom rail face nailed or screwed to post
EA-5 Top/bottom rail fastened to post with framing anchors
EB-1 Post nailed to rim joist
EB-2 Post screwed to rim joist
EB-3 Post bolted to floor joist with 8 mm (5/16") machine bolts
Post to Floor
EB-4 Post bolted to floor joist with 9.5 mm (3/8") machine bolts
EB-5 Post bolted to 2 floor joists
EB-6 Post fastened to floor, where guard is parallel to floor joists
EC-1 Picket nailed to endcap; endcap screwed to rail
EC-2 Picket nailed to rail
Infill Picket
EC-3 Picket screwed to rail
EC-4 Picket screwed to top rail and rim joist
Column 1 2 3
Table 2.2.2.
Exterior Cantilevered Picket System Connection Details
Connection Detail Detail Number Description
ED-1 Picket screwed to rim joist
Cantilevered Picket
(Douglas Fir-Larch, Spruce-Pine-Fir, Hem-Fir Species) Picket screwed to rim joist, where guard is parallel to floor
ED-2
joists
ED-3 Picket screwed to rim joist and deck
Cantilevered Picket
(Northern Species) Picket screwed to rim joist and deck, where guard is
ED-4
parallel to floor joists
Cantilevered Picket
(Douglas Fir-Larch, Spruce-Pine-Fir, Hem-Fir Species, ED-5 Corner
Northern Species)
Column 1 2 3
Page 4 • SB-7
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Section 3 Interior Guards
3.1.1.Lumber and Wood Products
(1) Lumber species used for a primary loadbearing element in a guard shall be a species listed in the Table 3.1.2.
(2) Except as provided in Sentence (4), the minimum grade of softwood dimension lumber for posts, rails and joists
shall be Northern Species, No. 2.
(3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), the minimum grade of softwood dimension lumber for cantilevered pickets shall
be Northern Species, No. 2 Picket grade.
(4) White pine and hemlock lumber used for posts, rails and non-cantilevered pickets shall be clear straight grain
material.
(5) Oak, maple and yellow poplar lumber used for posts, rails and pickets shall be clear straight grain material.
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
3.1.2.Lumber Dimensions
(1) The minimum sizes of loadbearing elements of wood guards shall conform to Table 3.1.2.
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
3.1.3.Floor Construction
(1) The minimum dimensions of wood floor joists and wood subflooring shall conform to Table 3.1.3. (See A-2.1.3. in
Appendix A.)
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
3.1.4.Connectors
(1) Nails, screws, lag bolts and machine bolts shall not cause splitting of the wood elements. (See A-2.1.4. in
Appendix A.) (See also A-2.1.4. in Appendix A for glued joints.)
3.2.1.Post and Rail System
(1) An interior guard constructed as a Post and Rail System shall conform to the applicable connection details listed in
Table 3.2.1.
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
3.2.2.Cantilevered Picket System
(1) An interior guard constructed as a Cantilevered Picket System shall conform to the applicable connection details
listed in Table 3.2.2.
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
3.2.3.Guards for Stairs
(1) An interior guard for a stair shall conform to the appropriate connection details listed in Table 3.2.3.
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Table 3.1.2.
Minimum Size of Loadbearing Elements
Guard Element Species Minimum Size, mm (in) Detail Number(1)
70 x 70 (23/4" x 23/4") Base,
Oak, Maple IB-1, IG-1, IG-2, IG-3
45 (13/4") Turned Diameter
Post
Hemlock, White Pine, Yellow 82 x 82 (31/4" x 31/4") Base,
IB-1, IG-1, IG-2, IG-3
Poplar 50 (2") Turned Diameter
70 x 70 (23/4" x 23/4") Base,
Post in a Volute Oak, Maple IG-4
50 (2") Turned Diameter
Top Rail Oak, Maple 41 x 67 (15/8" x 25/8")
41 x 67 (15/8" x 25/8")
IA-1, IF-1
Bottom Rail Oak, Maple 19 x 67 (3/4" x 25/8"),
if continuously supported
Oak, Maple 20 (3/4") Diameter
Infill Picket Yellow Poplar 22 (7/8") Diameter IC-1, IC-2
White Pine, Hemlock 24 (31/32") Diameter
32 x 32 (19/32" x 19/32") Base,
Oak, Maple IG-4
20 (3/4") Turned Diameter
45 x 45 (13/4" x 13/4") Base,
Picket in a Volute Yellow Poplar
22 (7/8") Turned Diameter
IG-5, IG-6
45 x 45 (13/4" x 13/4") Base,
White Pine, Hemlock
24 (31/32") Turned Diameter
Northern Species,
Douglas Fir-Larch,
Cantilevered Picket 32 x 32 (19/32" x 19/32") IE-1, IH-1
Spruce-Pine-Fir, Hem-Fir,
Hardwood
Column 1 2 3 4
Notes to Table 3.1.2.:
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
1.This column lists details that incorporate the guard elements specified in this Table.
Table 3.1.3.
Minimum Size of Floor Elements
Floor Element Minimum size, mm (in)
Subfloor 15.5 (5/8") plywood or equivalent
Dimension Lumber Joists 38 x 184 (2" x 8" nominal)
Column 1 2
Page 6 • SB-7
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Table 3.2.1.
Interior Post and Rail System Connection Details
Connection Detail Detail Number Description
Top and/or Bottom Rail to Post IA-1 Rail glued and screwed to post
Post to Floor IB-1 Notched post glued and bolted to rim joist
IC-1 Picket set into rails
Infill Picket
IC-2 Picket dowelled into rails
Stud Wall ID-1 Wood stud and gypsum board
Column 1 2 3
Table 3.2.2.
Interior Cantilevered Picket System Connection Details
Connection Detail Detail Number Description
Picket to Floor IE-1 Picket screwed to rim joist
Column 1 2 3
Table 3.2.3.
Interior Stair Guard Connection Details
Connection Detail Detail Number Description
Rail to Post IF-1 Top or bottom rail glued and screwed to post
IG-1 Notched post glued and screwed to stringer and riser
Post to Floor IG-2 Post glued and screwed to stringer
IG-3 Post glued and screwed to stringer and stud wall
and/or
IG-4 Post and picket volute, oak or maple
Picket Volute to Floor
IG-5 Picket volute, 260 mm (101/4”) wide
IG-6 Picket volute, 240 mm (91/2") wide
Infill Picket Detail IC-1 or IC-2 in Table 3.2.1., modified to suit a sloping installation, may be used.
Cantilevered Picket IH-1 Picket screwed to stair stringer
Column 1 2 3
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EA-1
Exterior Connection: Top Rail Nailed to Post
Notes:
1. The top rail must be continuous. Use Detail EA-5 at the end spans, where continuity ends.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 1.52 (5'-0")
Northern Species 1.52 (5'-0")
Column 1 2
Page 8 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EA-2
Exterior Connection: Top/Bottom Rail Skew Nailed to Post - 76 mm (3") Nails
Notes:
3.The bottom rail may be bevelled as detailed in Figure 2.1.2.
4. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 2.72 (8'-11")
Northern Species 2.18 (7'-2")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EA-3
Exterior Connection: Top/Bottom Rail Skew Nailed to Post - 63 mm (2½") Nails
Notes:
2.The bottom rail may be bevelled as detailed in Figure 2.1.2.
3. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 2.72 (8'-11")
Northern Species 2.18 (7'-2")
Column 1 2
Page 10 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EA-4
Exterior Connection: Top/Bottom Rail Face Nailed or Screwed to Post
Notes:
1. If the rails are located on the deck side of the posts, 76 mm (3") nails may be used in place of the screws.
2. Where the top rail is continuous, the top rail may be fastened to each post with 3 - #8 x 76 mm (3") screws.
3. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 1.77 (5'-10")
Northern Species 1.41 (4'-8")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EA-5
Exterior Connection: Top/Bottom Rail Fastened to Post with Framing Anchors
Notes:
2.The bottom rail may be bevelled as detailed in Figure 2.1.2.
3. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 2.72 (8'-11")
Northern Species 2.18 (7'-2")
Column 1 2
Page 12 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EB-1
Exterior Connection: Post Nailed to Rim Joist
Notes:
1.Decking is omitted from the plan view and the axonometric view for clarity.
2. Fasten 25 mm x 140 mm (5/4" x 6" nominal) outer deck board to rim joist with 63 mm (21/2") nails at 300 mm (12").
3. Fasten 25 mm x 140 mm (5/4" x 6" nominal) outer deck board to floor joist with 1 - 63 mm (21/2") nail at each joist.
4.The post may be positioned anywhere between the joists.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 1.22 (4'-0")
Northern Species 1.20 (3'-11")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EB-2
Exterior Connection: Post Screwed to Rim Joist
Notes:
1.Decking is omitted from the plan view and the axonometric view for clarity.
2. Fasten 25 mm x 140 mm (5/4" x 6" nominal) outer deck board to rim joist with 63 mm (21/2") nails at 300 mm (12").
3. Fasten 25 mm x 140 mm (5/4" x 6" nominal) outer deck board to floor joist with 1 - 63 mm (21/2") nail at each joist.
4.The post may be positioned anywhere between the joists.
5. #9 screws may be replaced by #8 screws if the maximum spacing between posts is not more than 1.20 m (3'-11").
6. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 1.56 (5'-1")
Northern Species 1.20 (3'-11")
Column 1 2
Page 14 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EB-3
Exterior Connection: Post Bolted to Floor Joist - 8 mm (5/16") Bolts
Notes:
1.Decking is omitted from the plan view and the axonometric view for clarity.
2. 38 mm (11/2") post projection is not required where the maximum spacing between posts does not exceed 1.20 m (3'-11").
3. Joists may be spaced at 610 mm (24") o.c. or 406 mm (16") o.c.
4. Where floor joists are spaced at 610 mm (24") o.c., decking shall have a minimum thickness of 38 mm (1 1/2") and shall be fastened to
the floor with 2 - 76 mm (3") nails.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 1.29 (4'-3")
Northern Species 1.20 (3'-11")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EB-4
Exterior Connection: Post Bolted to Floor Joist - 9.5 mm (3/8") Bolts
Notes:
1.Decking is omitted from the plan view and the axonometric view for clarity.
2. 38 mm (11/2") post projection is not required where the maximum spacing between posts does not exceed 1.20 m (3'-11").
3. Joists may be spaced at 610 mm (24") o.c. or 406 mm (16") o.c.
4. Where floor joists are spaced at 610 mm (24") o.c., decking shall have a minimum thickness of 38 mm (1 1/2") and shall be fastened to
the floor with 2 - 76 mm (3") nails.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 1.49 (4'-11")
Northern Species 1.20 (3'-11")
Column 1 2
Page 16 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EB-5
Exterior Connection: Post Bolted to 2 Floor Joists
Notes:
1.Decking is omitted from the plan view and the axonometric view for clarity.
2. 38 mm (11/2") post projection is not required where the maximum spacing between posts does not exceed 1.20 m (3'-11").
3. Joists may be spaced at 610 mm (24") o.c. or 406 mm (16") o.c..
4. Where floor joists are spaced at 610 mm (24") o.c. decking shall have a minimum thickness of 38 mm (1 1/2") and shall be fastened to
the floor with 2 - 76 mm (3") nails.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir 2.14 (7'-0")
Northern Species 1.20 (3'-11")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EB-6
Exterior Connection: Post Fastened to Floor, Guard Parallel to Floor Joists
Notes:
1. Use any of the connection details shown on Details EB-1 to EB-5 at location “A”. Connection Detail EB-4 is shown in this detail, as an
example.
3.Decking is omitted from the plan view and the axonometric view for clarity.
4. Blocking shall be not less than 38 mm x 184 mm (2" x 8" nominal).
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
Page 18 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EC-1
Exterior Connection: Infill Picket Nailed to Endcap - Endcap Screwed to Rail
Notes:
1. Fasten each end of each picket to endcaps with 2 - 50 mm (2") nails.
2. Fasten endcaps to rails with #7 x 50 mm (2") screws at 300 mm (12") o.c.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EC-2
Exterior Connection: Infill Picket Nailed to Rail
Notes:
1.See Table 2.1.2. for minimum sizes of pickets.
2. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
Page 20 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EC-3
Exterior Connection: Infill Picket Screwed to Rail
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail EC-4
Exterior Connection: Infill Picket Screwed to Top Rail and Rim Joist
Note:
1. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
Page 22 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail ED-1
Exterior Connection: Cantilevered Picket Screwed to Rim Joist
Notes:
1. Provide a suitable post, return, or solid support at each end of the guard.
2. Wood for cantilevered pickets shall be Douglas Fir-Larch, Spruce-Pine-Fir, or Hem-Fir Species.
3. Fasten rim joist to each floor joist with 3 - 82 mm (31/4") nails.
4. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
5. The outer deck board shall not be less than 140 mm (6" nominal) wide. Where 38 mm (2" nominal) thick boards are used, the length of
the wood screws shall be not less than 76 mm (3").
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail ED-2
Exterior Connection: Cantilevered Picket Screwed to Rim Joist,
Guard Parallel to Floor Joists
Notes:
1. Provide a suitable post, return, or solid support at each end of the guard.
2. Wood for cantilevered pickets shall be Douglas Fir-Larch, Spruce-Pine-Fir, or Hem-Fir Species.
3. Fasten rim joist to blocking with 3 - 82 mm (31/4") nails.
4. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
5. Where 38 mm (2" nominal) thick boards are used, the length of the wood screws shall be not less than 76 mm (3").
Page 24 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail ED-3
Exterior Connection: Cantilevered Picket Screwed to Rim Joist and Deck
Notes:
1. Provide a suitable post, return, or solid support at each end of the guard.
2.Wood for cantilevered pickets shall be Northern Species.
3. Fasten rim joist to each floor joist with 3- 82 mm (31/4") nails.
4. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail ED-4
Exterior Connection: Cantilevered Picket Screwed to Rim Joist and Deck,
Guard Parallel to Floor Joists
Notes:
1. Provide a suitable post, return, or solid support at each end of the guard.
2.Wood for cantilevered pickets shall be Northern Species.
3. Fasten rim joist to blocking with 3 - 82 mm (31/4") nails.
4. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
Page 26 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
3 - #8 x 76 mm (3")
SCREWS
PLAN TOP RAIL
AXONOMETRIC
ONE FASTENER IN HORIZONTALLY ORIENTATED PORTION OF TOP RAIL
AND TWO IN VERTICALLY ORIENTATED PORTION.
FRONT TOP RAIL SIDE TOP RAIL
Detail ED-5
Exterior Connection: Corner Joint
Notes:
1.Screws fastening pickets are omitted for clarity.
2. Provide a minimum of 10 pickets beyond the return if end restraint of the guard is provided by this return detail only.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IA-1
Interior Connection: Rail Glued and Screwed to Post
Notes:
1. Other top rail systems may be used provided the section modulus is not less than 24,000 mm3, measured about the x-x axis.
3.Connection details for fastening of pickets to rails are shown on Details IC-1 and IC-2.
4. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL BETWEEN POSTS
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Oak, Maple 3.30 (10'-10")
Column 1 2
Page 28 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IB-1
Interior Connection: Notched Post Glued and Bolted to Rim Joist
Notes:
1. Minimum dimension of post is 82 mm x 82 mm (31/4" x 31/4").
2. Notch post 38 mm x 152 mm (11/2" x 6") at rim joist.
3. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN POSTS
Post Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Oak, Maple, Yellow Poplar, Hemlock, White Pine 3.30 (10'-10")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IC-1
Interior Connection: Infill Picket Set into Rails
Notes:
1.See Table 3.1.2. for minimum sizes of pickets.
2. For top and bottom rail provide 6 mm (1/4") deep rabbet.
Page 30 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IC-2
Interior Connection: Infill Picket Dowelled into Rails
Notes:
1.See Table 3.1.2 for minimum sizes of pickets.
2. Pickets dowelled 19 mm (3/4") deep into rails with 19 mm (3/4") diameter dowels.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail ID-1
Interior Connection: Wood Stud and Gypsum Board Guard
Notes:
1. Fasten plywood subfloor to joists with 50 mm (2") nails at 150 mm (6") oc along edges and at 300 mm (12") oc along intermediate
supports.
2. Gypsum board omitted on plan, front elevation, and axonometric for clarity.
3. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
4. Provide a suitable post, return, or solid support at each end of the guard.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN WOOD STUDS
Stud Species Maximum Spacing, mm (in)
Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir, Northern Species 406 (16")
Column 1 2
Page 32 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IE-1
Interior Connection: Cantilevered Picket Screwed to Rim Joist
Notes:
1. Provide a suitable post, return, or solid support at each end of the guard.
2.See Table 3.1.2. for minimum sizes of pickets.
3. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IF-1
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Top/Bottom Rail Glued and Screwed to Post
Notes:
1.Maximum permitted span is based on a slope between 35° and 45° from the horizontal.
2. Minimum section modulus of top rail shall be 24,000 mm3, measured about the x-x axis.
3. Pickets omitted on drawing, for clarity.
4. Detail IC-1 or Detail IC-2, modified to suit a sloping application may be used for picket to rail connections.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL, MEASURED ALONG THE SLOPE
Rail Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Oak, Maple 4.30 (14'-1")
Column 1 2
Page 34 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IG-1
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Notched Post Glued & Screwed to Stringer & Riser
Notes:
1.Stringer shall be oak or maple.
2. Notch post 38 mm x 60 mm (11/2" x 23/8") to fit over stair stringer.
3. Only the first riser and tread are shown, for clarity.
4. Minimum thickness of riser shall be 12 mm (1/2").
5. Detail IC-1 or Detail IC-2, modified to suit a sloping application may be used for picket to rail connections.
6. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN POSTS
Post Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Oak, Maple, Yellow Poplar, Hemlock, White Pine 3.30 (10'-10")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IG-2
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Post Glued and Screwed to Stringer
Notes:
1.Stringer shall be oak or maple.
2. Only the first riser and tread are shown, for clarity.
3. Minimum thickness of riser shall be 12 mm (1/2").
4. Detail IC-1 or Detail IC-2, modified to suit a sloping application may be used for picket to rail connections.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN POSTS
Post Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Oak, Maple, Yellow Poplar, Hemlock, White Pine 3.30 (10'-10")
Column 1 2
Page 36 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
12.7 mm (½”)
GYPSUM BOARD
NEWEL POST GLUED IN PLACE
TO STRINGER AND WOOD STUD
3 - #10 x 89 mm (3 ½”)
SCREWS
38 x 89 (2” x 4”)
WOOD STUDS (TYPICAL)
2 - #10 x 89 mm (3 ½”)
SCREWS
Detail IG-3
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Post Glued and Screwed to Stringer and Stud Wall
Notes:
1. Minimum thickness of riser shall be 12 mm (½").
2. Detail IC-1 or Detail IC-2, modified to suit a sloping application may be used for picket to rail connections.
3. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPACING BETWEEN POSTS
Post Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Oak, Maple, Yellow Poplar, Hemlock, White Pine 3.30 (10'-10")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IG-4
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Oak or Maple Post and Picket Volute
Notes:
1. Maximum permitted span is measured from the centre of the volute to a post or other solid support.
2. Other top rail systems may be used provided that the section modulus is not less than 24,000 mm 3, measured about the vertical axis.
3. Newel post and pickets in the volute shall be oak or maple. See Table 3.1.2. for minimum sizes of pickets.
4. Detail IC-1 or Detail IC-2, modified to suit a sloping application may be used for picket to rail connections.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL, MEASURED ALONG THE SLOPE
Post and Picket Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Oak, Maple 4.30 (14'-1")
Column 1 2
Page 38 • SB-7
This provision includes a table — formatting is preserved from the source; refer to the official code for the authoritative layout.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
45 mm (1 3/4”) BASE
SQUARE PICKETS WITH
19 mm (3/4”) DIAM. x 19 mm (3/4”)
DOWELS GLUED IN PLACE
Detail IG-5
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Picket Volute, 260 mm (10 1/4") Wide
Notes:
1. Maximum permitted span is measured from the centre of the volute to a post or other solid support.
2. Other top rail systems may be used provided that the section modulus is not less than 24,000 mm3, measured about the vertical axis.
3.See Table 3.1.2. for minimum sizes of pickets.
4. Detail IC-1 or Detail IC-2, modified to suit a sloping application may be used for picket to rail connections.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL
Picket Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Yellow Poplar, Hemlock, White Pine 1.80 (5'-11")
Column 1 2
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
45mm (1 3/4”) BASE
SQUARE PICKETS WITH
19 mm (3/4”) DIAM. x 19 mm (3/4”)
DOWELS GLUED IN PLACE
Detail IG-6
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Picket Volute, 240 mm (91/2") Wide
Notes:
1. Maximum permitted span is measured from the centre of the volute to a post or other solid support.
2. Other top rail systems may be used provided that the section modulus is not less than 24,000 mm 3, measured about the vertical axis.
3.See Table 3.1.2. for minimum sizes of pickets.
4. Detail IC-1 or Detail IC-2, modified to suit a sloping application may be used for picket to rail connections.
5. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
MAXIMUM SPAN OF RAIL
Species Maximum Span, m (ft-in)
Yellow Poplar, Hemlock, White Pine 1.80 (5'-11")
Column 1 2
Page 40 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Detail IH-1
Interior Stair Guard Connection: Cantilevered Picket Screwed to Stair Stringer
Notes:
1.Stair stringer shall be oak or maple.
2. Provide a suitable post, return, or solid support at each end of the guard.
3.See Table 3.1.2. for minimum sizes of pickets.
4. Dimensions shown are in mm unless otherwise specified.
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Page 42 • SB-7
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
Appendix A
Explanatory Material for SB-7
Appendix A to this Supplementary Standard is included for explanatory purposes only and does not form part of
the requirements. The bold-faced reference numbers that introduce each item apply to the requirements in this
Supplementary Standard.
e1 A-1.1.1. Scope. A guard constructed in conformance with this Supplementary Standard is deemed to satisfy the
requirements of Sentence 9.8.8.2.(6) of Division B.
Guard design in this Supplementary Standard is based on a height of 1 070 mm and a maximum clear spacing of 100 mm
between pickets or balusters.
A-1.1.1.(2) Guards located on the exterior of a building are subject to deterioration as a result of hygrothermal,
electrochemical or biochemical action.
A-1.2.1. Cantilever Action. Where guards incorporate wood posts that are continuous from the top of the
guard to the ground, or where the tops of the posts are attached to a superstructure that is connected to the building, the
cantilever assumption in the Supplementary Standards is no longer valid. An example of a continuous post is shown in
Figure A-1.2.1.
Figure A-1.2.1.
Typical Continuous Post
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7
A-1.2.2. Classification. A Post and Rail System consists of a top rail that transfers horizontal loads to posts.
The posts transfer the loads from the rail to the floor system. This system may incorporate a bottom rail that is anchored at
each end to the posts. Infill panels or infill pickets are installed between the top rail and the floor or bottom rail. Examples
of Post and Rail Systems are shown in Figure A-1.2.2.A.
The term “infill pickets” refers to an assembly of vertically oriented elements that span between the floor or bottom rail and
the top rail. For the purpose of this Supplementary Standard, the words “picket” and “baluster” both relate to these
individual elements.
The spacing of the posts in a Post and Rail System is detailed in this Supplementary Standard and is dictated by the ability
of the posts to accept the design loads. The maximum spanning capacity of the rails is often not realised because it is
dictated by the post spacing.
A Cantilevered Picket System consists of a top rail that transfers horizontal loads to pickets. The pickets transfer the loads
from the top rail to the floor system. An example of a Cantilevered Picket System is shown in Figure A-1.2.2.B.
A guard classified as a Post and Rail System or a Cantilevered Picket System need not always terminate at a post if:
(a) the top rail is connected adequately to an element capable of accepting the forces applied to it, or
(b) the guard changes direction and the rails are adequately fastened at the return.
Figure A-1.2.2.A Figure A-1.2.2.B
Typical Post and Rail Systems Cantilevered Picket System
A-2.1.1. Lumber Grades. Whereas Northern Species is specified as the minimum lumber grade, Spruce-Pine-
Fir, Douglas Fir-Larch and Hem-Fir may also be used since their structural properties exceed those of Northern Species.
Cedar falls within the classification of Northern Species Group.
A-2.1.3. Floor Construction. The lateral loads acting on a guard are transferred from either the posts or the
pickets to the floor system. Therefore, the floor system must be sufficiently strong to transfer these loads.
A-2.1.4. Connectors. Pre-drilling of wood elements may be required in order to avoid splitting of structural
wood elements. Where a glued joint is required, an adhesive conforming to CSA Standard O112.4-M1977 (Polyvinyl
Adhesives for Wood) and CSA Standard O112.8-M1977 (Polyvinyl Adhesives - Cross Linking, for Wood) is acceptable.
A-2.1.5. Decay-Resistant Lumber. Cedar is a species considered resistant to decay.
Page 44 • SB-7
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
Building and Development Branch
MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-8
MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-8
Design, Construction and Installation of
Anchorage Systems for
Fixed Access Ladders
January 1, 2024
2024MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-8
COMMENCEMENT
MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-8 comes into force on the 1st day of January 2025.
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