Appendix A — Explanatory Notes to Part 8

Sanitary sewage of domestic origin is as described in (b) of the definition in Sentence 1.4.1.2.(1) of Division A. The addition of public swimming pool drainage to the definition of sanitary sewage is not intended to allow the discharge of the pool drainage water to an on-site sewage system.

When evaluating whether industrial process waste can go to an on-site sewage system, the total contaminant levels in the whole waste stream must be looked at. Heavy metals, pesticides and solvents are not found in domestic sewage and those levels must be brought down if present. The BOD5 and suspended solids should be consistent with the levels found in domestic sanitary sewage. Slaughterhouses and milking operations have wastes that are similar to domestic sewage in chemical composition, but are characterized by high organic, highly nitrogenous and biologically degradable suspended and dissolved solids and grease in high concentrations. These wastes are not suitable for discharge to an on-site sewage system.

The evaluation required in Sentence (1) usually includes at least the following and is required on permit application (a) date the evaluation was done, (b) name, address, telephone number, and signature of the person who prepared the evaluation, Appendix A • Volume 2 Page 167 (c) a scaled plan of the site showing (i) the legal description of the property, property lines and easements, (ii) the location of items in Column 1 of Tables 8.2.1.6.A. and 8.2.1.6.B., (iii) the proposed location of the sewage system, (iv) the location of any unsuitable, disturbed or compacted areas, and (v) the access route for tank maintenance, (d) depth to bedrock, (e) evidence of high ground water, (f) soil properties, (g) soil conditions, (h) utility corridors, (i) permeability, and (j) potential for flooding.

Other tests to determine percolation time may be suitable depending on the soil type(s) encountered on a site. The results of tests other than those described in this Code may be used by relying on provisions governing the use of alternative solutions (such as Clause 1.2.1.1.(l)(b) of Division A).

Where a field percolation test is required, it is performed in the following manner: (a) Make an excavation in the soil layer which is to be assessed for a percolation time. The excavation shall be: (i) between 100 and 300 mm in diameter (ii) be at least 200 mm in depth below the upper level of the soil layer being assessed. (b) All loose material and smeared clay shall be removed from the sides and bottom of the excavation. (c) Cover the bottom of the excavation with 50 mm of sand or fine gravel. (d) Fill the hole with water to a depth of 300 mm (or to the surface) and determine the time it takes for the water to seep away; repeat, and if the second filling seeps away in 10 minutes or less proceed as follows: 1. Establish a fixed reference point, add water to a depth of 150 mm above the sand or fine gravel, and measure the water drop every 10 minutes for one hour. If for one hour the first 150 mm seeps away in 10 minutes or less, use a shorter time interval between readings. 2. Refill to the 150 mm level when necessary and start another series of readings. Continue readings until the last two series of readings show a similar drop pattern (approximately equal drop in the same number of readings) or, alternatively, until the difference in the maximum and minimum drops in 3 consecutive readings is less than 5 mm. In either case use the average drop of the last 3 readings in computing “T” (e) If the initial fillings to 300 mm take more than 10 minutes to seep away, follow with this procedure: 1. Maintain at least 300 mm of water in the hole for at least 4 hours, or until the soil being tested has become swollen and saturated with water. At least 12 hours should be allowed for swelling in clay soils, although dry clay soils may require longer periods to obtain a stabilized percolation rate. 2. After swelling remove any loose material from the top of the sand or fine gravel. 3. Using a fixed reference point, adjust the water level to 150 mm above the sand or gravel and measure the water drop every 30 minutes for four hours or until a stable rate of drop is reached. If the first 150 mm seeps away in less than 30 minutes, use a 10 minute interval and run the test for one hour or until the drop rate is stabilized. A drop of 5 mm or less in a 30 minute interval is indicative of a soil of “T” close to or greater than 50 min/cm. If it is to be assessed increase the reading interval to 60 minutes. Page 168 Appendix A • Volume 2 4. Refill with water to the 150 mm level when necessary. Take readings until a stable rate of drop is reached. This may be when the drop in two successive readings does not vary by more than 1.5 mm or when the difference between the maximum and minimum readings of the last four readings does not exceed 5 mm. Once a stable rate is reached use the average drop of the last 3 readings in computing the percolation time. (f) Time Interval (minutes) Percolation time = Average drop of last 3 readings (cm)

Where variable daily flows or peak flows occur, the flows to the sewage system may be balanced. The sewage system and any pump(s) that are installed to move the sanitary sewage, should be sized to accommodate a daily design sanitary sewage flow at least equal to the average daily sanitary sewage flow for the week. Balancing tanks should be sized in accordance with good engineering practice to ensure that peak flows can be accommodated.

Where coarse natural soils exist it may be necessary to require greater clearance distances to wells or surface water than those listed in the Tables. This is of greater importance when applied to the shoreline properties of sensitive lakes, where it is desired to prevent phosphates from entering the lakes.

Consideration can be made for Class 2 greywater systems to be constructed using a horizontal or a linear orientation. In these cases, the loading rate should be calculated using Article 8.4.2.3. “Sizing”.

Article 8.6.2.2. sets out the acceptable solution to achieve Building Code compliance for residential treatment units. Sentences (1) and (2) of Article 8.6.2.2. are the performance requirements that set out the maximum concentrations of suspended solids and CBOD5 for different classifications of treatment units. As set out in Sentence (5), treatment units that are certified to CAN/BNQ 3680-600, “Onsite Residential Wastewater Treatment Technologies” using a temperature condition listed under option a) or b) of Clause 8.2.2. of that standard are deemed to comply with the requirements of Sentences (1) and (2). CAN/BNQ 3680-600 uses slightly different terminology than the Building Code. Note (1) to Table 8.6.2.2., which forms part of Sentences 8.6.2.2. (1) and (2), states that the classifications of treatment units specified in Column 1 correspond to the levels of treatment described in CAN/BNQ 3680-600. A Building Code Level II treatment unit corresponds to a treatment Class B-II in CAN/BNQ 3680-600, a Level III corresponds to Class B-III, and Level IV corresponds to a Class B-IV. CAN/BNQ 3680-600 -2009 requires: • 12 continuous months of testing in a climate representative of Ontario conditions as specified in Annex B.3. of the standard • A minimum of weekly sampling • 30-day average concentrations in treated effluent that do not exceed the maximum concentrations set out in Table 8.6.2.2. • A minimum of 80% of sample results that do not exceed the maximum concentrations set out in Table 8.6.2.2. • Influent wastewater quality that meets the requirements described in Table 5 of the standard Appendix A • Volume 2 Page 169 • Influent wastewater temperature that is: o Non-controlled, or o Controlled so that the influent wastewater is heated to no more than 11°C ±1°C, • Hydraulic loading as specified in Clause 8.2.2.1. of NSF/ANSI Standard 40 and Annex B.4.2.2. of the standard • Stress loading in accordance with the procedures outlined in CAN/BNQ 3680-600, which includes wash-day stress, power/equipment failure stress, and working parent stress. Installation of a CAN/BNQ 3680-600 certified residential treatment unit provides a clear and direct method of demonstrating compliance with the effluent quality criteria in Sentences (1) and (2). No further information is required by a principal authority to determine compliance with the effluent quality criteria in Sentences (1) and (2) of this provision. It is also possible to achieve compliance for residential treatment units which do not have BNQ certification as Sentences (1) and (2) establish performance requirements. If a residential treatment unit has not been certified to CAN/BNQ 3680-600, the treatment unit must be designed so that the effluent does not exceed, for the level of the treatment unit set out in Column 1 of Table 8.6.2.2., the maximum concentrations set out in Column 2 and 3 of Table 8.6.2.2. The treatment unit would need to be designed so that the effluent will not exceed the maximum concentrations in climatic conditions in the part of Ontario in which the system is to be installed. The building permit applicant would need to demonstrate to the principal authority that the treatment unit complies with Sentences (1) and (2) for the particular climatic conditions where the unit would be used. It is the responsibility of the principal authority to review and determine compliance to the level of treatment required by Sentences (1) and (2). Compliance would typically be demonstrated by providing the principal authority with test methods, engineering reports and other relevant documentation similar to that described above for CAN/BNQ 3680-600. Documents that could assist with demonstrating compliance could include: • name of accredited testing organization, • trade name of the on-site residential wastewater treatment technology being tested, • the hydraulic capacity of the treatment unit, • stress loading in accordance with the procedures outlined in standards such as CAN/BNQ 3680-600, • the specific model and configuration chosen for the testing, and a comparison to the specific model and configuration being proposed in the permit application and associated scaling factors, • installation, operation and maintenance manuals, • the dates of testing and a summary of the results of the tests for all appropriate parameters for the type of treatment for the minimum duration of 12 continuous months, including but not limited to influent and effluent wastewater characteristics such as temperature and pH, number of samples, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum, and • an engineering letter, sealed and stamped. • CAN/BNQ 3680-600 only applies to residential systems. For non-residential onsite sewage systems that include treatment units, the applicant would need to demonstrate compliance with Sentences (1) and (2) of Article 8.6.2.2. Non-residential treatment units, therefore, must follow the second approach described above because BNQ certification is only available for residential treatment units. Compliance would typically be demonstrated by providing the principal authority with similar information as noted above. Page 170 Appendix A • Volume 2

The temperature options that apply to the testing of treatment units which are certified to BNQ 3680-600 standard are referenced in Sentence 8.6.2.2.(5) of the Code and are set out in option a) and option b) of Clause 8.2.2. of the BNQ standard as follows: (a) non-controlled temperature (b) controlled temperature so that the influent wastewater is heated to 11°C ±1°C, whenever necessary to assure a minimum temperature of 10°C. Note - this option is based on a temperature of 10°C, which is a typical temperature at the outlet of the septic tank and, as well, it is required for testing nitrogen reduction treatment technologies. Additional treatment options that are available in this standard, but are not currently required by the Building Code, are as follows: Class of Treatment Fecal Coliforms or E. Coli (CFU/100 mL)(1) D-I 50 000 D-II 200 D-III ND(2) Notes to Table: (1) Maximum concentration in CFU/100 mL based on 30 day average. (2) ND means non-detectable (median < 10 CFU/100 mL) Class of Treatment Total Phosphorus(1), mg/L Total Nitrogen Reduction P-I 1.0 — P-II 0.30 — N-I — 50% N-II — 75% Notes to Table: (1) Maximum concentration in mg/L based on 30 day average.

The filter beds must be designed using the loading rates set out in Sentence 8.7.4.1.(1). The purpose of the loading area is to ensure that the treated effluent can be dispersed into the underlying soil. This area includes the 15 m extension, commonly referred to as the mantle. Appendix A • Volume 2 Page 171

Care must be taken when constructing a shallow buried trench system. Soils have to be dry and protected to ensure smearing of the trench does not take place. If smearing does take place additional measure will need to be undertaken to ensure that the permeability of the soil is not affected in the trench.

Where the underlying soil has a percolation time greater than 15 minutes, Sentence (5) requires the sand layer described in Sentence (4) be extended 15 m beyond the perimeter of the treatment unit in any direction that the effluent may move horizontally. Consideration may be given to whether the top 300 mm of native soil has the properties required in Sentence (4) prior to removing the existing soil and replacing with sand. This would also apply to the additional loading area required in Clause (5)(b) of QT/400.

Where an open bottom treatment unit is used in conjunction with a Type A dispersal bed, the placement of the unit is important to achieve even distribution and consideration may be given to the following: 1) the treatment unit is placed in the centre of the stone layer where the topography is flat, or 2) uphill of the centre of the stone layer on sloping topography.

The design of a Type B dispersal bed may be based on the use of Table 2-8 of the BCMOH Sewerage System Standard Practice Manual. The Building Code requires the effluent to be of Level IV effluent for a Type B dispersal bed. The loading rates to be used pertain to Type 2 effluent within Table 2-8. The percolation time given in this Table is in min/2.54 cm (inch) not min/cm and must be converted by dividing by 2.54. Page 172 Appendix A • Volume 2 A-9.1.1.9. Factory-Built Buildings. e1 Manufactured buildings must comply with all appropriate Code requirements. Only those building components that are designed and constructed in manufacturing plants in accordance with the specified standards (CSA Z240.2.1 and CSA A277) are deemed to comply with the Code. Building components designed and constructed outside the place of manufacture (e.g. masonry chimneys, basement stairs, foundations, etc.) must conform to the requirements of the Code. The Code also applies to the site installation of manufactured buildings in terms of tie-down, spatial separation, grading, plumbing connections to street services, etc. CSA standard CSA A277, “Procedure for certification of prefabricated buildings, modules, and panels”, describes a procedure whereby an independent certification agency can review the quality control procedures of a housing factory and make periodic, unannounced inspections of its products and thus, through suitable labelling, provide assurance to authorities at the final site that the components that cannot be inspected on site comply with the code indicated on the label. It is not a building code, only a procedure for certifying compliance of factory-built components with a building code or other standard. If a factory-built house bears the label of a creditable certification agency indicating that compliance with the National Building Code has been certified using the A277 procedure, the accepting authority will have some assurance that the hidden components do not need to be inspected again on site. A-9.3.1.7. Ratio of Water to Cementing Material. While adding water to concrete on site may facilitate its distribution through formwork, this practice can have several undesirable results, such as reduced strength, greater porosity, and more propensity to shrinkage cracking. The ratio of water to cementing material is determined according to weight. For example, using Table 9.3.1.7., the maximum water-cement ratio of 0.45 for a 20 mm coarse aggregate would require 18 kg (or 18 L) of water (1 L of water weighs 1 kg). A-9.3.2.1.(1) Grade Marking of Lumber. Lumber is generally grouped for marketing into the species combinations contained in Table A-9.3.2.1.(1)-A. The maximum allowable spans for those combinations are listed in the span tables for joists, rafters and beams. Some species of lumber are also marketed individually. Since the allowable span for the northern species combination is based on the weakest species in the combination, the use of the span for this combination is permitted for any individual species not included in the Spruce-Pine-Fir, Douglas Fir-Larch and Hemlock-Fir combinations. Facsimiles of typical grade marks of lumber associations and grading agencies accredited by the Canadian Lumber Standards (CLS) Accreditation Board to grade mark lumber in Canada are shown in Table A-9.3.2.1.(1)-B. Accreditation by the CLS Accreditation Board applies to the inspection, grading and grade marking of lumber, including mill supervisory service, in accordance with CSA O141, “Softwood Lumber”. The grade mark of a CLS accredited agency on a piece of lumber indicates its assigned grade, species or species combination, moisture condition at the time of surfacing, the responsible grader or mill of origin and the CLS accredited agency under whose supervision the grading and marking was done. Appendix A • Volume 2 Page 173 Table A-9.3.2.1.(1)-A Species Designations and Abbreviations Commercial Designation of Abbreviation Permitted on Species Included Species or Species Combination Grade Stamps Douglas Fir — Larch D Fir — L (N) Douglas Fir, Western Larch Hemlock — Fir Hem — Fir (N) Western Hemlock, Amabilis Fir S — P — F or White Spruce, Engelmann Spruce, Black Spruce, Red Spruce — Pine — Fir Spruce — Pine — Fir Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Jack Pine, Alpine Fir, Balsam Fir Any Canadian softwood covered by the Northern Species North Species NLGA Standard Grading Rules Canadian lumber is graded to the NLGA Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber, published by the National Lumber Grades Authority. The NLGA rules specify standard grade names and grade name abbreviations for use in grade marks to provide positive identification of lumber grades. In a similar fashion, standard species names or standard species abbreviations, symbols or marks are provided in the rules for use in grade marks. Grade marks denote the moisture content of lumber at the time of surfacing. “ S-Dry” in the mark indicates the lumber was surfaced at a moisture content not exceeding 19%. “ MC 15” indicates a moisture content not exceeding 15%. “ S-GRN” in the grade mark signifies that the lumber was surfaced at a moisture content higher than 19% at a size to allow for natural shrinkage during seasoning. Each mill or grader is assigned a permanent number. The point of origin of lumber is identified in the grade mark by use of a mill or grader number or by the mill name or abbreviation. The CLS certified agency under whose supervision the lumber was grade marked is identified in the mark by the registered symbol of the agency. Page 174 Appendix A • Volume 2 Table A-9.3.2.1.(1)-B Facsimiles of Grade Marks Used by Canadian Lumber Manufacturing Associations and Agencies Authorized to Grade Mark Lumber in Canada Facsimiles of Grade Mark Association or Agency Alberta Forest Products Association 500—10709 Jasper Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3N3 www.albertaforestproducts.ca Canadian Mill Services Association #200, 601—6th Street New Westminster, British Columbia V3L 3C1 www.canserve.org Canadian Softwood Inspection Agency Inc. 1047—250A Street Aldergrove, British Columbia V4W 2S8 www.canadiansoftwood.com Central Forest Products Association Inc. c/o Reimer & Co., Chartered Accountants PO Box 146 Swan River, Manitoba R0L 1Z0 www.cfpa-lumber.com Council of Forest Industries Southern Region: 360—1855 Kirschner Road Kelowna, British Columbia V1Y 4N7 Northern Region: 400—1488 Fourth Avenue Prince George, British Columbia V2L 4Y2 www.cofi.org Appendix A • Volume 2 Page 175 Table A-9.3.2.1.(1)-B (Cont’d) Facsimiles of Grade Marks Used by Canadian Lumber Manufacturing Associations and Agencies Authorized to Grade Mark Lumber in Canada Facsimiles of Grade Mark Association or Agency MacDonald Inspection Services Ltd. 842 Eland Drive Campbell River, British Columbia V9W 6Y8 www.gradestamp.com Maritime Lumber Bureau PO Box 459 Amherst, Nova Scotia B4H 4A1 www.mlb.ca Newfoundland and Labrador Lumber Producers Association c/o Canadian Lumber Standards Accreditation Board P.O. Box 8 Glovertown, Newfoundland A0G 2L0 www.clsab.ca Northwest Territories Forest Industries Association PO Box 220 Fort Smith, Northwest Territorries X0E 0P0 Ontario Forest Industries Association (Home of CLA Grading and Inspection) 20 Toronto Street Suite 950 Toronto, Ontario M5C 2B8 www.ofia.com Page 176 Appendix A • Volume 2 Table A-9.3.2.1.(1)-B (Cont’d) Facsimiles of Grade Marks Used by Canadian Lumber Manufacturing Associations and Agencies Authorized to Grade Mark Lumber in Canada Facsimiles of Grade Mark Association or Agency Ontario Lumber Manufacturers' Association PO Box 97530 Toronto, Ontario M1C 4Z1 www.olma.ca Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau 1010 S. 336th Street Suite 300 Federal Way, Washington 98003 USA British Columbia Division: P.O. Box 19118 Fourth Avenue Postal Outlet Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 4R8 www.plib.org Association Conseil de l’industrie forestière du Québec (Québec Forest Industry Council) 1175, avenue Lavigerie Bureau 200 Sainte Foy, Québec G1V 4P1 www.cifq.com A-Table 9.3.2.1. Lumber Grading. To identify board grades the paragraph number of the NLGA rules under which the lumber is graded must be shown in the grade mark. Paragraph 113 is equivalent to WWPA rules and paragraph 114 is equivalent to WCLIB rules. When graded in accordance with WWPA or WCLIB rules, the grade mark will not contain a paragraph number. To identify board grades the paragraph number of the NLGA “Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber” under which the lumber is graded must be shown in the grade mark. Paragraph 113 is equivalent to WWPA “Western Lumber Grading Rules 2017” and paragraph 114 is equivalent to WCLIB “Grading Rules for West Coast Lumber”. When graded in accordance with WWPA or WCLIB rules, the grade mark will not contain a paragraph number.