PART 9 — HOUSING AND SMALL BUILDINGSUpdated for the 2024 Ontario Building Code
9.41.2.2.Performance Level Evaluation and Compensating Construction
(1) The performance level of a building after construction shall not be less than the performance level of the building
prior to construction.
(2) For the purposes of Sentence (1), reduction of performance level shall be determined in accordance with
Articles 11.4.2.1., 11.4.2.3. and 11.4.2.5.
(3) Where the proposed construction would reduce the performance level of an existing building, compensating
construction shall be required in conformance with Articles 11.4.3.1., 11.4.3.2., 11.4.3.4. and 11.4.3.6.
(4) Section 11.5. applies in respect of the requirements of Sentences 11.4.3.4.(1), (3) and (4).
Table 9.20.17.4.-A
Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for Lintels in Flat Loadbearing Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Walls (1)(2)(3) (1-10M Bottom Bar)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.3.2.8.(1) and 9.20.17.4.(3)
Maximum Clear Span, m
Supporting ICF Second Storey and
Minimum Lintel Minimum Lintel Depth, Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only
Light-Frame Roof
Thickness, mm mm
Maximum Ground Snow Load, kN/m2
1.50 3.33 1.50 3.33
200 1.41 1.18 1.03 0.93
300 1.78 1.50 1.30 1.18
140 400 2.08 1.75 1.53 1.38
500 2.33 1.97 1.72 1.56
600 2.55 2.16 1.89 1.71
200 1.41 1.18 1.02 0.92
300 1.78 1.50 1.29 1.17
150 400 2.08 1.75 1.51 1.37
500 2.33 1.97 1.70 1.54
600 2.54 2.15 1.87 1.70
200 1.41 1.18 1.01 0.91
300 1.78 1.50 1.28 1.16
160 400 2.07 1.75 1.50 1.36
500 2.32 1.96 1.68 1.53
600 2.53 2.15 1.85 1.68
200 1.41 1.19 0.98 0.89
300 1.78 1.50 1.24 1.13
190 400 2.06 1.74 1.45 1.32
500 2.30 1.95 1.63 1.49
600 2.51 2.13 1.78 1.63
200 1.41 1.19 0.97 0.89
300 1.77 1.49 1.23 1.12
200 400 2.06 1.74 1.43 1.31
500 2.30 1.95 1.61 1.48
600 2.50 2.13 1.77 1.62
200 1.41 1.19 0.94 0.86
300 1.76 1.49 1.18 1.09
240 400 2.04 1.73 1.38 1.27
500 2.27 1.93 1.55 1.43
600 2.47 2.11 1.70 1.56
Notes to Table 9.20.17.4.-A:
(1) Deflection criteria is L/240, where “L” is the clear span of the lintel.
(2) Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.
(3) 10M stirrups are required at a maximum d/2 spacing for spans greater than 1 200 mm, where “d” is the distance from the top of the
lintel to the level of the bottom reinforcing bar in the lintel.
Table 9.20.17.4.-B
Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for Lintels in Flat Loadbearing Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Walls (1)(2)(3) (1-15M Bottom Bar)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.3.2.8.(1) and 9.20.17.4.(3)
Maximum Clear Span, m
Supporting ICF Second Storey and
Minimum Lintel Minimum Lintel Depth, Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only
Light-Frame Roof
Thickness, mm mm
Maximum Ground Snow Load, kN/m2
1.50 3.33 1.50 3.33
200 1.63 1.46 1.31 1.23
300 2.43 2.08 1.81 1.64
140 400 2.90 2.44 2.13 1.93
500 3.26 2.75 2.41 2.18
600 3.58 3.03 2.65 2.40
200 1.67 1.49 1.33 1.25
300 2.48 2.08 1.79 1.62
150 400 2.90 2.44 2.11 1.91
500 3.26 2.75 2.38 2.16
600 3.57 3.02 2.62 2.38
200 1.70 1.53 1.35 1.26
300 2.48 2.08 1.78 1.61
160 400 2.90 2.44 2.09 1.90
500 3.25 2.75 2.36 2.14
600 3.56 3.02 2.59 2.36
200 1.80 1.61 1.36 1.24
300 2.48 2.09 1.73 1.58
190 400 2.89 2.44 2.03 1.85
500 3.23 2.74 2.29 2.09
600 3.53 3.00 2.51 2.30
200 1.83 1.64 1.35 1.23
300 2.48 2.09 1.71 1.57
200 400 2.88 2.44 2.01 1.84
500 3.22 2.74 2.26 2.07
600 3.52 2.99 2.48 2.28
200 1.93 1.65 1.30 1.20
300 2.47 2.08 1.66 1.52
240 400 2.86 2.43 1.94 1.78
500 3.19 2.72 2.18 2.01
600 3.47 2.97 2.39 2.20
Notes to Table 9.20.17.4.-B:
(1) Deflection criteria is L/240, where “L” is the clear span of the lintel.
(2) Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.
(3) 10M stirrups are required at a maximum d/2 spacing for spans greater than 1 200 mm, where “d” is the distance from the top of the
lintel to the level of the bottom reinforcing bar in the lintel.
Table 9.20.17.4.-C
Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for Lintels in Flat Loadbearing Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Walls (1)(2)(3) (2-15M Bottom Bar)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.3.2.8.(1) and 9.20.17.4.(3)
Maximum Clear Span, m
Supporting ICF Second Storey and
Minimum Lintel Minimum Lintel Depth, Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only
Light-Frame Roof
Thickness, mm mm
Maximum Ground Snow Load, kN/m2
1.50 3.33 1.50 3.33
200 1.63 1.46 1.31 1.23
300 2.43 2.18 1.96 1.84
140 400 3.22 2.90 2.60 2.42
500 4.00 3.60 3.25 2.70
600 4.71 4.20 3.61 2.97
200 1.67 1.49 1.33 1.25
300 2.48 2.23 1.99 1.87
150 400 3.29 2.96 2.64 2.45
500 4.80 3.68 3.29 2.74
600 4.87 4.20 3.64 3.02
200 1.70 1.53 1.35 1.27
300 2.53 2.28 2.02 1.90
160 400 3.36 3.02 2.68 2.48
500 4.16 3.76 3.27 2.78
600 4.95 4.20 3.61 3.08
200 1.80 1.61 1.39 1.32
300 2.67 2.40 2.09 1.97
190 400 3.53 3.19 2.77 2.56
500 4.38 3.81 3.18 2.90
600 4.92 4.19 3.50 3.21
200 1.83 1.64 1.41 1.33
300 2.87 2.44 2.11 2.00
200 400 3.78 3.24 2.79 2.55
500 4.46 3.81 3.15 2.89
600 4.86 4.18 3.47 3.18
200 2.07 1.74 1.46 1.38
300 3.07 2.59 2.18 2.07
240 400 3.95 3.38 2.70 2.48
500 4.40 3.80 3.04 2.80
600 4.78 4.16 3.34 3.08
Notes to Table 9.20.17.4.-C:
(1) Deflection criteria is L/240, where “L” is the clear span of the lintel.
(2) Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.
(3) 10M stirrups are required at a maximum d/2 spacing for spans greater than 1 200 mm, where “d” is the distance from the top of the
lintel to the level of the bottom reinforcing bar in the lintel.
Table 9.23.4.2.-A
Maximum Spans for Floor Joists – General Cases(1)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and (2), 9.23.4.4.(1) and 9.23.9.4.(1) to (3)
Maximum Span, m
With Strapping(2) and
Joist Size, With Strapping(2) With Bridging
Commercial Designation Grade Bridging
mm
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 2.13 1.97 1.73 2.19 1.99 1.73 2.19 1.99 1.73
38 × 140 3.23 3.07 2.73 3.44 3.12 2.73 3.44 3.12 2.73
Select
38 × 184 3.88 3.69 3.51 4.18 3.92 3.59 4.37 4.07 3.59
Structural
38 × 235 4.57 4.34 4.13 4.86 4.57 4.29 5.05 4.70 4.39
38 × 286 5.21 4.95 4.71 5.49 5.16 4.85 5.66 5.28 4.92
38 × 89 2.00 1.85 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66
38 × 140 3.09 2.91 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.62
Douglas Fir – Larch No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 3.71 3.53 3.36 4.00 3.76 3.44 4.19 3.90 3.44
(includes Douglas Fir and 38 × 235 4.38 4.16 3.96 4.66 4.38 4.11 4.84 4.51 4.20
Western Larch) 38 × 286 4.99 4.75 4.52 5.26 4.94 4.65 5.43 5.06 4.72
38 × 89 1.90 1.69 1.38 1.95 1.69 1.38 1.95 1.69 1.38
38 × 140 2.78 2.41 1.97 2.78 2.41 1.97 2.78 2.41 1.97
No. 3 38 × 184 3.38 2.93 2.39 3.38 2.93 2.39 3.38 2.93 2.39
38 × 235 4.14 3.58 2.93 4.14 3.58 2.93 4.14 3.58 2.93
38 × 286 4.80 4.16 3.39 4.80 4.16 3.39 4.80 4.16 3.39
Construction 38 × 89 1.90 1.77 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61
Standard 38 × 89 1.81 1.63 1.33 1.88 1.63 1.33 1.88 1.63 1.33
38 × 89 2.08 1.93 1.71 2.16 1.96 1.71 2.16 1.96 1.71
38 × 140 3.18 3.03 2.69 3.39 3.08 2.69 3.39 3.08 2.69
Select
38 × 184 3.82 3.64 3.46 4.12 3.87 3.54 4.31 4.02 3.54
Structural
38 × 235 4.50 4.28 4.08 4.80 4.51 4.23 4.98 4.64 4.33
38 × 286 5.14 4.89 4.65 5.42 5.09 4.78 5.59 5.21 4.86
38 × 89 2.00 1.85 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66
38 × 140 3.09 2.91 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.62
Hem – Fir No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 3.71 3.53 3.36 4.00 3.76 3.44 4.19 3.90 3.44
(includes Western Hemlock and 38 × 235 4.38 4.16 3.96 4.66 4.38 4.11 4.84 4.51 4.20
Amabilis Fir) 38 × 286 4.99 4.75 4.52 5.26 4.94 4.65 5.43 5.06 4.72
38 × 89 1.90 1.77 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61
38 × 140 2.99 2.78 2.43 3.19 2.90 2.43 3.19 2.90 2.43
No. 3 38 × 184 3.60 3.42 2.95 3.88 3.61 2.95 4.06 3.61 2.95
38 × 235 4.24 4.03 3.61 4.51 4.24 3.61 4.68 4.37 3.61
38 × 286 4.84 4.60 4.19 5.10 4.79 4.19 5.26 4.90 4.19
Construction 38 × 89 1.90 1.77 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61
Standard 38 × 89 1.81 1.68 1.39 1.96 1.71 1.39 1.96 1.71 1.39
Table 9.23.4.2.-A (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Floor Joists – General Cases(1)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and (2), 9.23.4.4.(1) and 9.23.9.4.(1) to (3)
Maximum Span, m
With Strapping(2) and
Joist Size, With Strapping(2) With Bridging
Commercial Designation Grade Bridging
mm
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 1.95 1.81 1.64 2.06 1.87 1.64 2.06 1.87 1.64
38 × 140 3.05 2.85 2.57 3.24 2.95 2.57 3.24 2.95 2.57
Select
38 × 184 3.66 3.48 3.31 3.94 3.70 3.38 4.12 3.84 3.38
Structural
38 × 235 4.31 4.10 3.90 4.59 4.31 4.05 4.76 4.44 4.14
38 × 286 4.91 4.67 4.45 5.18 4.87 4.57 5.34 4.98 4.64
38 × 89 1.86 1.72 1.58 1.99 1.81 1.58 1.99 1.81 1.58
38 × 140 2.92 2.71 2.49 3.14 2.85 2.49 3.14 2.85 2.49
Spruce – Pine – Fir
(includes Spruce (all species No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 3.54 3.36 3.20 3.81 3.58 3.27 3.99 3.72 3.27
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 38 × 235 4.17 3.96 3.77 4.44 4.17 3.92 4.60 4.29 4.00
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 38 × 286 4.75 4.52 4.30 5.01 4.71 4.42 5.17 4.82 4.49
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
38 × 89 1.81 1.68 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.55
38 × 140 2.84 2.64 2.43 3.08 2.80 2.43 3.08 2.80 2.43
No. 3 38 × 184 3.47 3.30 2.95 3.74 3.52 2.95 3.92 3.61 2.95
38 × 235 4.09 3.89 3.61 4.36 4.09 3.61 4.52 4.22 3.61
38 × 286 4.67 4.44 4.19 4.92 4.62 4.19 5.08 4.73 4.19
Construction 38 × 89 1.81 1.68 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.55
Standard 38 × 89 1.70 1.58 1.44 1.88 1.71 1.44 1.88 1.71 1.44
38 × 89 1.65 1.53 1.42 1.84 1.68 1.46 1.84 1.68 1.46
38 × 140 2.59 2.41 2.24 2.90 2.63 2.30 2.90 2.63 2.30
Select
38 × 184 3.27 3.11 2.94 3.52 3.31 3.03 3.69 3.44 3.03
Structural
38 × 235 3.85 3.66 3.48 4.10 3.85 3.62 4.26 3.97 3.70
38 × 286 4.39 4.18 3.97 4.63 4.35 4.09 4.78 4.45 4.15
38 × 89 1.59 1.48 1.37 1.80 1.64 1.43 1.80 1.64 1.43
38 × 140 2.51 2.33 2.16 2.83 2.57 2.25 2.83 2.57 2.25
Northern Species No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 3.19 3.04 2.84 3.44 3.23 2.96 3.60 3.36 2.96
(includes any Canadian Species
38 × 235 3.76 3.58 3.41 4.01 3.77 3.54 4.16 3.88 3.62
covered by the NLGA Standard
Grading Rules) 38 × 286 4.29 4.08 3.88 4.53 4.25 4.00 4.67 4.35 4.06
38 × 89 1.54 1.43 1.32 1.74 1.57 1.36 1.76 1.60 1.36
38 × 140 2.42 2.24 1.94 2.74 2.38 1.94 2.75 2.38 1.94
No. 3 38 × 184 3.12 2.90 2.37 3.35 2.90 2.37 3.35 2.90 2.37
38 × 235 3.67 3.49 2.89 3.91 3.54 2.89 4.06 3.54 2.89
38 × 286 4.19 3.98 3.36 4.42 4.11 3.36 4.55 4.11 3.36
Construction 38 × 89 1.54 1.43 1.32 1.74 1.57 1.40 1.76 1.60 1.40
Standard 38 × 89 1.48 1.37 1.15 1.63 1.41 1.15 1.63 1.41 1.15
Notes to Table 9.23.4.2.-A:
(1) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the
floor does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.
(2) See Sentence 9.23.9.4.(5) for alternatives to strapping.
Table 9.23.4.2.-B
Maximum Spans for Floor Joists – Special Cases(1)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and (2), 9.23.4.4.(2) and 9.23.9.4.(4) and (6)
Maximum Span, m
Joists with Concrete
Joists with Ceilings Attached to Wood Furring
Joist Size, Topping
Commercial Designation Grade
mm Without Bridging With Bridging With or Without Bridging(2)
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 2.19 1.99 1.73 2.19 1.99 1.73 2.19 1.99 1.73
38 × 140 3.44 3.12 2.73 3.44 3.12 2.73 3.44 3.12 2.73
Select
38 × 184 4.24 3.99 3.59 4.52 4.11 3.59 4.52 4.11 3.59
Structural
38 × 235 4.98 4.69 4.29 5.47 5.20 4.58 5.77 5.24 4.58
38 × 286 5.67 5.34 4.88 6.19 5.89 5.54 6.83 6.37 5.58
38 × 89 2.09 1.90 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66
38 × 140 3.29 2.99 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.55
No. 1 and
Douglas Fir – Larch 38 × 184 4.06 3.83 3.44 4.33 3.93 3.44 4.33 3.81 3.11
No. 2
(includes Douglas Fir and 38 × 235 4.78 4.50 4.11 5.24 4.98 4.31 5.37 4.65 3.80
Western Larch) 38 × 286 5.44 5.12 4.68 5.93 5.64 5.00 6.24 5.40 4.41
38 × 89 1.95 1.69 1.38 1.95 1.69 1.38 1.72 1.49 1.21
38 × 140 2.78 2.41 1.97 2.78 2.41 1.97 2.45 2.12 1.73
No. 3 38 × 184 3.38 2.93 2.39 3.38 2.93 2.39 2.98 2.58 2.11
38 × 235 4.14 3.58 2.93 4.14 3.58 2.93 3.65 3.16 2.58
38 × 286 4.80 4.16 3.39 4.80 4.16 3.39 4.23 3.66 2.99
Construction 38 × 89 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61
Standard 38 × 89 1.88 1.63 1.33 1.88 1.63 1.33 1.66 1.44 1.17
38 × 89 2.16 1.96 1.71 2.16 1.96 1.71 2.16 1.96 1.71
38 × 140 3.39 3.08 2.69 3.39 3.08 2.69 3.39 3.08 2.69
Select
38 × 184 4.18 3.94 3.54 4.46 4.05 3.54 4.46 4.05 3.54
Structural
38 × 235 4.92 4.63 4.23 5.39 5.13 4.52 5.69 5.17 4.52
38 × 286 5.60 5.27 4.82 6.10 5.81 5.47 6.74 6.28 5.50
38 × 89 2.09 1.90 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66 2.09 1.90 1.66
38 × 140 3.29 2.99 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.62 3.29 2.99 2.62
No. 1 and
Hem – Fir 38 × 184 4.06 3.83 3.44 4.33 3.93 3.44 4.33 3.93 3.26
No. 2
(includes Western Hemlock 38 × 235 4.78 4.50 4.11 5.24 4.98 4.39 5.53 4.88 3.99
and Amabilis Fir) 38 × 286 5.44 5.12 4.68 5.93 5.64 5.25 6.54 5.66 4.63
38 × 89 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.83 1.50
38 × 140 3.19 2.90 2.43 3.19 2.90 2.43 3.02 2.62 2.14
No. 3 38 × 184 3.94 3.61 2.95 4.17 3.61 2.95 3.68 3.18 2.60
38 × 235 4.63 4.36 3.61 5.08 4.42 3.61 4.50 3.89 3.18
38 × 286 5.27 4.96 4.19 5.74 5.13 4.19 5.22 4.52 3.69
Construction 38 × 89 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61 2.03 1.84 1.61
Standard 38 × 89 1.96 1.71 1.39 1.96 1.71 1.39 1.74 1.50 1.23
Table 9.23.4.2.-B (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Floor Joists – Special Cases(1)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and (2), 9.23.4.4.(2) and 9.23.9.4.(4) and (6)
Maximum Span, m
Joists with Concrete
Joists with Ceilings Attached to Wood Furring
Joist Size, Topping
Commercial Designation Grade
mm Without Bridging With Bridging With or Without Bridging(2)
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 2.06 1.87 1.64 2.06 1.87 1.64 2.06 1.87 1.64
38 × 140 3.24 2.95 2.57 3.24 2.95 2.57 3.24 2.95 2.57
Select
38 × 184 4.00 3.77 3.38 4.26 3.87 3.38 4.26 3.87 3.38
Structural
38 × 235 4.70 4.43 4.05 5.16 4.91 4.32 5.45 4.95 4.32
38 × 286 5.35 5.04 4.61 5.84 5.55 5.23 6.45 6.01 5.26
38 × 89 1.99 1.81 1.58 1.99 1.81 1.58 1.99 1.81 1.58
38 × 140 3.14 2.85 2.49 3.14 2.85 2.49 3.14 2.85 2.49
Spruce – Pine – Fir No. 1 and
(includes Spruce (all species 38 × 184 3.87 3.64 3.27 4.12 3.75 3.27 4.12 3.75 3.27
No. 2
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 38 × 235 4.55 4.28 3.91 4.99 4.75 4.18 5.27 4.79 4.13
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 38 × 286 5.18 4.88 4.46 5.65 5.37 5.06 6.23 5.81 4.79
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
38 × 89 1.96 1.78 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.50
38 × 140 3.08 2.80 2.43 3.08 2.80 2.43 3.02 2.62 2.14
No. 3 38 × 184 3.80 3.58 2.95 4.05 3.61 2.95 3.68 3.18 2.60
38 × 235 4.47 4.21 3.61 4.90 4.42 3.61 4.50 3.89 3.18
38 × 286 5.09 4.79 4.19 5.55 5.13 4.19 5.22 4.52 3.69
Construction 38 × 89 1.96 1.78 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.55 1.96 1.78 1.55
Standard 38 × 89 1.88 1.71 1.44 1.88 1.71 1.44 1.80 1.56 1.27
38 × 89 1.84 1.68 1.46 1.84 1.68 1.46 1.84 1.68 1.46
38 × 140 2.90 2.63 2.30 2.90 2.63 2.30 2.90 2.63 2.30
Select
38 × 184 3.58 3.37 3.03 3.81 3.46 3.03 3.81 3.46 3.03
Structural
38 × 235 4.20 3.96 3.62 4.61 4.39 3.86 4.87 4.42 3.86
38 × 286 4.79 4.51 4.12 5.22 4.96 4.68 5.76 5.37 4.54
38 × 89 1.80 1.64 1.43 1.80 1.64 1.43 1.80 1.64 1.43
38 × 140 2.83 2.57 2.25 2.83 2.57 2.25 2.83 2.57 2.23
Northern Species No. 1 and
(includes any Canadian 38 × 184 3.50 3.29 2.96 3.72 3.38 2.96 3.72 3.32 2.71
No. 2
Species covered by the 38 × 235 4.11 3.87 3.54 4.51 4.29 3.76 4.69 4.06 3.31
NLGA Standard Grading 38 × 286 4.68 4.40 4.03 5.10 4.85 4.36 5.44 4.71 3.84
Rules)
38 × 89 1.76 1.60 1.36 1.76 1.60 1.36 1.70 1.47 1.20
38 × 140 2.75 2.38 1.94 2.75 2.38 1.94 2.42 2.10 1.71
No. 3 38 × 184 3.35 2.90 2.37 3.35 2.90 2.37 2.95 2.55 2.08
38 × 235 4.01 3.54 2.89 4.09 3.54 2.89 3.61 3.12 2.55
38 × 286 4.56 4.11 3.36 4.75 4.11 3.36 4.18 3.62 2.96
Construction 38 × 89 1.76 1.60 1.40 1.76 1.60 1.40 1.76 1.60 1.37
Standard 38 × 89 1.63 1.41 1.15 1.63 1.41 1.15 1.44 1.25 1.02
Notes to Table 9.23.4.2.-B:
(1) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the
floor does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.
(2) No bridging is assumed for spans for floor joists with concrete topping.
Table 9.23.4.2.-C
Maximum Spans for Ceiling Joists – Attic Not Accessible by a Stairway
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Commercial Designation Grade Joist Size, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600
38 × 89 3.41 3.10 2.71
38 × 140 5.37 4.88 4.26
Select Structural 38 × 184 7.05 6.41 5.60
38 × 235 9.01 8.18 7.15
38 × 286 10.96 9.96 8.70
38 × 89 3.27 2.97 2.59
38 × 140 5.14 4.67 4.08
Douglas Fir – Larch No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 6.76 6.14 5.36
(includes Douglas Fir and 38 × 235 8.63 7.84 6.85
Western Larch) 38 × 286 10.50 9.54 8.34
38 × 89 3.17 2.88 2.42
38 × 140 4.89 4.23 3.46
No. 3 38 × 184 5.95 5.15 4.20
38 × 235 7.27 6.30 5.14
38 × 286 8.44 7.31 5.97
Construction 38 × 89 3.17 2.88 2.51
Standard 38 × 89 3.06 2.78 2.34
38 × 89 3.36 3.06 2.67
38 × 140 5.29 4.81 4.20
Select Structural 38 × 184 6.96 6.32 5.52
38 × 235 8.88 8.07 7.05
38 × 286 10.81 9.82 8.58
38 × 89 3.27 2.97 2.59
38 × 140 5.14 4.67 4.08
Hem – Fir No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 6.76 6.14 5.36
(includes Western Hemlock and 38 × 235 8.63 7.84 6.85
Amabilis Fir) 38 × 286 10.50 9.54 8.34
38 × 89 3.17 2.88 2.51
38 × 140 4.98 4.53 3.95
No. 3 38 × 184 6.55 5.95 5.19
38 × 235 8.36 7.60 6.34
38 × 286 10.18 9.01 7.36
Construction 38 × 89 3.17 2.88 2.50
Standard 38 × 89 3.06 2.78 2.43
Table 9.23.4.2.-C (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Ceiling Joists – Attic Not Accessible by a Stairway
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Commercial Designation Grade Joist Size, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600
38 × 89 3.22 2.92 2.55
38 × 140 5.06 4.60 4.02
Select Structural 38 × 184 6.65 6.05 5.28
38 × 235 8.50 7.72 6.74
38 × 286 10.34 9.40 8.21
38 × 89 3.11 2.83 2.47
38 × 140 4.90 4.45 3.89
Spruce – Pine – Fir
(includes Spruce (all species No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 6.44 5.85 5.11
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 38 × 235 8.22 7.47 6.52
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 38 × 286 10.00 9.09 7.94
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
38 × 89 3.06 2.78 2.43
38 × 140 4.81 4.37 3.82
No. 3 38 × 184 6.32 5.74 5.02
38 × 235 8.07 7.33 6.34
38 × 286 9.82 8.93 7.36
Construction 38 × 89 3.06 2.78 2.43
Standard 38 × 89 2.94 2.67 2.33
38 × 89 2.88 2.61 2.28
38 × 140 4.53 4.11 3.59
Select Structural 38 × 184 5.95 5.40 4.72
38 × 235 7.60 6.90 6.03
38 × 286 9.25 8.40 7.34
38 × 89 2.81 2.55 2.23
38 × 140 4.42 4.02 3.51
Northern Species No. 1 and No. 2 38 × 184 5.81 5.28 4.61
(includes any Canadian Species
38 × 235 7.42 6.74 5.89
covered by the NLGA Standard
Grading Rules) 38 × 286 9.03 8.21 7.17
38 × 89 2.74 2.49 2.18
38 × 140 4.31 3.92 3.42
No. 3 38 × 184 5.67 5.09 4.16
38 × 235 7.19 6.23 5.08
38 × 286 8.34 7.23 5.90
Construction 38 × 89 2.74 2.49 2.18
Standard 38 × 89 2.67 2.43 2.03
Table 9.23.4.2.-D
Maximum Spans for Roof Joists – Specified Roof Snow Loads 1.0 to 2.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1), 9.23.4.5.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Joist Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 1.0 1.5 2.0
mm
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 2.71 2.46 2.15 2.37 2.15 1.88 2.15 1.95 1.71
38 × 140 4.26 3.87 3.38 3.72 3.38 2.95 3.38 3.07 2.68
Select
38 × 184 5.60 5.09 4.44 4.89 4.44 3.88 4.44 4.04 3.53
Structural
38 × 235 7.15 6.49 5.67 6.24 5.67 4.96 5.67 5.15 4.50
38 × 286 8.70 7.90 6.91 7.60 6.91 6.03 6.91 6.27 5.48
38 × 89 2.59 2.36 2.06 2.27 2.06 1.80 2.06 1.87 1.63
38 × 140 4.08 3.71 3.24 3.57 3.24 2.83 3.24 2.94 2.57
No. 1 and
Douglas Fir – Larch 38 × 184 5.36 4.87 4.26 4.69 4.26 3.72 4.26 3.87 3.38
No. 2
(includes Douglas Fir and 38 × 235 6.85 6.22 5.44 5.98 5.44 4.74 5.44 4.94 4.22
Western Larch) 38 × 286 8.34 7.57 6.40 7.28 6.62 5.50 6.62 6.00 4.90
38 × 89 2.49 2.16 1.76 2.14 1.85 1.51 1.91 1.65 1.35
38 × 140 3.56 3.08 2.51 3.06 2.65 2.16 2.72 2.36 1.92
No. 3 38 × 184 4.33 3.75 3.06 3.72 3.22 2.63 3.31 2.87 2.34
38 × 235 5.29 4.58 3.74 4.55 3.94 3.22 4.05 3.51 2.86
38 × 286 6.14 5.32 4.34 5.28 4.57 3.73 4.70 4.07 3.32
Construction 38 × 89 2.51 2.28 1.99 2.20 1.99 1.74 1.99 1.81 1.58
Standard 38 × 89 2.41 2.08 1.70 2.07 1.79 1.46 1.84 1.60 1.30
38 × 89 2.67 2.43 2.12 2.33 2.12 1.85 2.12 1.93 1.68
38 × 140 4.20 3.82 3.33 3.67 3.33 2.91 3.33 3.03 2.65
Select
38 × 184 5.52 5.02 4.38 4.82 4.38 3.83 4.38 3.98 3.48
Structural
38 × 235 7.05 6.41 5.60 6.16 5.60 4.89 5.60 5.09 4.44
38 × 286 8.58 7.80 6.81 7.50 6.81 5.95 6.81 6.19 5.41
38 × 89 2.59 2.36 2.06 2.27 2.06 1.80 2.06 1.87 1.63
38 × 140 4.08 3.71 3.24 3.57 3.24 2.83 3.24 2.94 2.57
No. 1 and
Hem – Fir 38 × 184 5.36 4.87 4.26 4.69 4.26 3.72 4.26 3.87 3.38
No. 2
(includes Western Hemlock 38 × 235 6.85 6.22 5.44 5.98 5.44 4.75 5.44 4.94 4.32
and Amabilis Fir) 38 × 286 8.34 7.57 6.62 7.28 6.62 5.77 6.62 6.01 5.25
38 × 89 2.51 2.28 1.99 2.20 1.99 1.74 1.99 1.81 1.58
38 × 140 3.95 3.59 3.10 3.45 3.14 2.67 3.14 2.85 2.37
No. 3 38 × 184 5.20 4.62 3.77 4.54 3.97 3.24 4.09 3.54 2.89
38 × 235 6.53 5.65 4.61 5.61 4.86 3.97 5.00 4.33 3.53
38 × 286 7.57 6.56 5.35 6.51 5.64 4.60 5.80 5.02 4.10
Construction 38 × 89 2.51 2.28 1.99 2.20 1.99 1.74 1.99 1.81 1.58
Standard 38 × 89 2.43 2.18 1.78 2.12 1.88 1.53 1.93 1.67 1.36
Table 9.23.4.2.-D (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Roof Joists – Specified Roof Snow Loads 1.0 to 2.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1), 9.23.4.5.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Joist Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 1.0 1.5 2.0
mm
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 2.55 2.32 2.03 2.23 2.03 1.77 2.03 1.84 1.61
38 × 140 4.02 3.65 3.19 3.51 3.19 2.79 3.19 2.90 2.53
Select
38 × 184 5.28 4.80 4.19 4.61 4.19 3.66 4.19 3.81 3.33
Structural
38 × 235 6.74 6.13 5.35 5.89 5.35 4.68 5.35 4.86 4.25
38 × 286 8.21 7.46 6.52 7.17 6.52 5.69 6.52 5.92 5.17
38 × 89 2.47 2.24 1.96 2.16 1.96 1.71 1.96 1.78 1.56
38 × 140 3.89 3.53 3.08 3.40 3.08 2.69 3.08 2.80 2.45
Spruce – Pine – Fir No. 1 and
(includes Spruce (all species 38 × 184 5.11 4.64 4.05 4.46 4.05 3.54 4.05 3.68 3.22
No. 2
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 38 × 235 6.52 5.93 5.18 5.70 5.18 4.52 5.18 4.70 4.11
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 38 × 286 7.94 7.21 6.30 6.94 6.30 5.50 6.30 5.73 5.00
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
38 × 89 2.43 2.20 1.93 2.12 1.93 1.68 1.93 1.75 1.53
38 × 140 3.82 3.47 3.03 3.33 3.03 2.65 3.03 2.75 2.37
No. 3 38 × 184 5.02 4.56 3.77 4.38 3.97 3.24 3.98 3.54 2.89
38 × 235 6.41 5.65 4.61 5.60 4.86 3.97 5.00 4.33 3.53
38 × 286 7.57 6.56 5.35 6.51 5.64 4.60 5.80 5.02 4.10
Construction 38 × 89 2.43 2.20 1.93 2.12 1.93 1.68 1.93 1.75 1.53
Standard 38 × 89 2.33 2.12 1.85 2.04 1.85 1.59 1.85 1.68 1.41
38 × 89 2.28 2.07 1.81 1.99 1.81 1.58 1.81 1.65 1.44
38 × 140 3.59 3.26 2.85 3.14 2.85 2.49 2.85 2.59 2.26
Select
38 × 184 4.72 4.29 3.75 4.12 3.75 3.27 3.75 3.40 2.97
Structural
38 × 235 6.03 5.48 4.79 5.27 4.79 4.18 4.79 4.35 3.80
38 × 286 7.34 6.67 5.82 6.41 5.82 5.09 5.82 5.29 4.62
38 × 89 2.23 2.03 1.77 1.95 1.77 1.55 1.77 1.61 1.41
38 × 140 3.51 3.19 2.79 3.07 2.79 2.43 2.79 2.53 2.21
Northern Species No. 1 and
(includes any Canadian 38 × 184 4.61 4.19 3.66 4.03 3.66 3.20 3.66 3.33 2.91
No. 2
Species covered by the 38 × 235 5.89 5.35 4.68 5.15 4.68 4.09 4.68 4.25 3.68
NLGA Standard Grading 38 × 286 7.17 6.52 5.58 6.26 5.69 4.80 5.69 5.17 4.27
Rules)
38 × 89 2.18 1.98 1.73 1.90 1.73 1.50 1.73 1.57 1.33
38 × 140 3.42 3.05 2.49 2.99 2.62 2.14 2.69 2.33 1.90
No. 3 38 × 184 4.28 3.71 3.03 3.68 3.19 2.60 3.28 2.84 2.32
38 × 235 5.23 4.53 3.70 4.50 3.90 3.18 4.01 3.47 2.83
38 × 286 6.07 5.26 4.29 5.22 4.52 3.69 4.65 4.03 3.29
Construction 38 × 89 2.18 1.98 1.73 1.90 1.73 1.51 1.73 1.57 1.37
Standard 38 × 89 2.09 1.81 1.48 1.80 1.56 1.27 1.60 1.38 1.13
Table 9.23.4.2.-E
Maximum Spans for Roof Joists – Specified Roof Snow Loads 2.5 and 3.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1), 9.23.4.5.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Joist Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 2.5 3.0
mm
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 1.99 1.81 1.58 1.88 1.71 1.49
38 × 140 3.14 2.85 2.49 2.95 2.68 2.34
Select
38 × 184 4.12 3.75 3.27 3.88 3.53 3.08
Structural
38 × 235 5.27 4.79 4.18 4.96 4.50 3.93
38 × 286 6.41 5.82 5.09 6.03 5.48 4.79
38 × 89 1.91 1.74 1.52 1.80 1.63 1.43
38 × 140 3.01 2.73 2.39 2.83 2.57 2.25
No. 1 and
Douglas Fir – Larch 38 × 184 3.95 3.59 3.14 3.72 3.38 2.90
No. 2
(includes Douglas Fir and 38 × 235 5.05 4.59 3.84 4.75 4.32 3.55
Western Larch) 38 × 286 6.14 5.46 4.46 5.78 5.05 4.12
38 × 89 1.74 1.50 1.23 1.60 1.39 1.13
38 × 140 2.48 2.15 1.75 2.29 1.98 1.62
No. 3 38 × 184 3.01 2.61 2.13 2.79 2.41 1.97
38 × 235 3.69 3.19 2.61 3.41 2.95 2.41
38 × 286 4.28 3.70 3.03 3.95 3.42 2.79
Construction 38 × 89 1.85 1.68 1.47 1.74 1.58 1.38
Standard 38 × 89 1.68 1.45 1.19 1.55 1.34 1.10
38 × 89 1.97 1.79 1.56 1.85 1.68 1.47
38 × 140 3.10 2.81 2.46 2.91 2.65 2.31
Select
38 × 184 4.07 3.70 3.23 3.83 3.48 3.04
Structural
38 × 235 5.20 4.72 4.12 4.89 4.44 3.88
38 × 286 6.32 5.75 5.02 5.95 5.41 4.72
38 × 89 1.91 1.74 1.52 1.80 1.63 1.43
38 × 140 3.01 2.73 2.39 2.83 2.57 2.25
No. 1 and
Hem – Fir 38 × 184 3.95 3.59 3.14 3.72 3.38 2.95
No. 2
(includes Western Hemlock 38 × 235 5.05 4.59 4.01 4.75 4.32 3.72
and Amabilis Fir) 38 × 286 6.14 5.58 4.68 5.78 5.25 4.32
38 × 89 1.85 1.68 1.47 1.74 1.58 1.38
38 × 140 2.91 2.65 2.16 2.74 2.45 2.00
No. 3 38 × 184 3.72 3.22 2.63 3.44 2.98 2.43
38 × 235 4.55 3.94 3.22 4.20 3.64 2.97
38 × 286 5.28 4.57 3.73 4.88 4.22 3.45
Construction 38 × 89 1.85 1.68 1.47 1.74 1.58 1.38
Standard 38 × 89 1.76 1.52 1.24 1.62 1.40 1.15
Table 9.23.4.2.-E (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Roof Joists – Specified Roof Snow Loads 2.5 and 3.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1), 9.23.4.5.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Joist Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 2.5 3.0
mm
Joist Spacing, mm Joist Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 1.88 1.71 1.49 1.77 1.61 1.41
38 × 140 2.96 2.69 2.35 2.79 2.53 2.21
Select
38 × 184 3.89 3.54 3.09 3.66 3.33 2.91
Structural
38 × 235 4.97 4.52 3.94 4.68 4.25 3.71
38 × 286 6.05 5.50 4.80 5.69 5.17 4.52
38 × 89 1.82 1.65 1.44 1.71 1.56 1.36
38 × 140 2.86 2.60 2.27 2.69 2.45 2.14
Spruce – Pine – Fir No. 1 and
(includes Spruce (all species 38 × 184 3.76 3.42 2.99 3.54 3.22 2.81
No. 2
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 38 × 235 4.81 4.37 3.82 4.52 4.11 3.59
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 38 × 286 5.85 5.31 4.64 5.50 5.00 4.37
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
38 × 89 1.79 1.62 1.42 1.68 1.53 1.34
38 × 140 2.81 2.56 2.16 2.65 2.40 2.005
No. 3 38 × 184 3.70 3.22 2.63 3.44 2.98 2.43
38 × 235 4.55 3.94 3.22 4.20 3.64 2.97
38 × 286 5.28 4.57 3.73 4.88 4.22 3.45
Construction 38 × 89 1.79 1.62 1.42 1.68 1.53 1.34
Standard 38 × 89 1.72 1.56 1.29 1.62 1.46 1.19
38 × 89 1.68 1.53 1.34 1.58 1.44 1.26
38 × 140 2.65 2.40 2.10 2.49 2.26 1.98
Select
38 × 184 3.48 3.16 2.76 3.27 2.97 2.60
Structural
38 × 235 4.44 4.04 3.53 4.18 3.80 3.32
38 × 286 5.41 4.91 4.29 5.09 4.62 4.04
38 × 89 1.64 1.49 1.31 1.55 1.41 1.23
38 × 140 2.59 2.35 2.05 2.43 2.21 1.93
Northern Species No. 1 and
38 × 184 3.40 3.09 2.70 3.20 2.91 2.53
(includes any Canadian No. 2
38 × 235 4.34 3.94 3.35 4.09 3.71 3.10
Species covered by the NLGA
Standard Grading Rules) 38 × 286 5.28 4.76 3.89 4.97 4.40 3.59
38 × 89 1.60 1.46 1.21 1.51 1.37 1.12
38 × 140 2.45 2.12 1.73 2.26 1.96 1.60
No. 3 38 × 184 2.98 2.58 2.11 2.76 2.39 1.95
38 × 235 3.65 3.16 2.58 3.37 2.92 2.38
38 × 286 4.23 3.66 2.99 3.91 3.39 2.76
Construction 38 × 89 1.60 1.46 1.27 1.51 1.37 1.20
Standard 38 × 89 1.46 1.26 1.03 1.34 1.16 0.95
Table 9.23.4.2.-F
Maximum Spans for Roof Rafters – Specified Roof Snow Loads 1.0 to 2.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1), 9.23.4.5.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Rafter Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 1.0 1.5 2.0
mm
Rafter Spacing, mm Rafter Spacing, mm Rafter Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 3.41 3.10 2.71 2.98 2.71 2.37 2.71 2.46 2.15
38 × 140 5.37 4.88 4.26 4.69 4.26 3.72 4.26 3.87 3.38
Select
38 × 184 7.05 6.41 5.60 6.16 5.60 4.89 5.60 5.09 4.44
Structural
38 × 235 9.01 8.18 7.15 7.87 7.15 6.24 7.15 6.49 5.62
38 × 286 10.96 9.96 8.70 9.58 8.70 7.40 8.70 7.90 6.52
38 × 89 3.27 2.97 2.59 2.86 2.59 2.27 2.59 2.36 2.06
38 × 140 5.14 4.67 3.95 4.49 4.08 3.34 4.08 3.60 2.94
No. 1 and
Douglas Fir – Larch 38 × 184 6.76 5.88 4.80 5.74 4.97 4.06 5.06 4.38 3.58
No. 2
(includes Douglas Fir and 38 × 235 8.30 7.19 5.87 7.02 6.08 4.96 6.19 5.36 4.38
Western Larch) 38 × 286 9.63 8.34 6.81 8.14 7.05 5.76 7.18 6.22 5.08
38 × 89 2.65 2.30 1.87 2.24 1.94 1.58 1.98 1.71 1.40
38 × 140 3.78 3.28 2.68 3.20 2.77 2.26 2.82 2.44 1.99
No. 3 38 × 184 4.61 3.99 3.26 3.89 3.37 2.75 3.43 2.97 2.43
38 × 235 5.63 4.88 3.98 4.76 4.12 3.37 4.20 3.64 2.97
38 × 286 6.53 5.66 4.62 5.52 4.78 3.91 4.87 4.22 3.44
Construction 38 × 89 3.17 2.88 2.42 2.77 2.50 2.04 2.51 2.21 1.80
Standard 38 × 89 2.56 2.22 1.81 2.17 1.88 1.53 1.91 1.65 1.35
38 × 89 3.36 3.06 2.67 2.94 2.67 2.33 2.67 2.43 2.12
38 × 140 5.29 4.81 4.20 4.62 4.20 3.67 4.20 3.82 3.33
Select
38 × 184 6.96 6.32 5.52 6.08 5.52 4.82 5.52 5.02 4.38
Structural
38 × 235 8.88 8.07 7.05 7.76 7.05 6.16 7.05 6.41 5.54
38 × 286 10.81 9.82 8.58 9.45 8.58 7.28 8.58 7.80 6.42
38 × 89 3.27 2.97 2.59 2.86 2.59 2.27 2.59 2.36 2.06
38 × 140 5.14 4.67 4.08 4.49 4.08 3.50 4.08 3.71 3.08
No. 1 and
Hem – Fir 38 × 184 6.76 6.14 5.04 5.90 5.21 4.26 5.31 4.60 3.75
No. 2
(includes Western Hemlock 38 × 235 8.63 7.54 6.16 7.36 6.37 5.20 6.49 5.62 4.59
and Amabilis Fir) 38 × 286 10.11 8.75 7.15 8.54 7.40 6.04 7.53 6.52 5.33
38 × 89 3.17 2.83 2.31 2.76 2.39 1.95 2.44 2.11 1.72
38 × 140 4.67 4.04 3.30 3.95 3.42 2.79 3.48 3.01 2.46
No. 3 38 × 184 5.68 4.92 4.02 4.80 4.16 3.40 4.23 3.67 2.99
38 × 235 6.95 6.02 4.91 5.87 5.08 4.15 5.18 4.48 3.66
38 × 286 8.06 6.98 5.70 6.81 5.90 4.82 6.01 5.20 4.25
Construction 38 × 89 3.17 2.88 2.51 2.77 2.51 2.14 2.51 2.28 1.89
Standard 38 × 89 2.68 2.32 1.90 2.27 1.96 1.60 2.00 1.73 1.41
Table 9.23.4.2.-F (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Roof Rafters – Specified Roof Snow Loads 1.0 to 2.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1), 9.23.4.5.(1) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Rafter Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 1.0 1.5 2.0
mm
Rafter Spacing, mm Rafter Spacing, mm Rafter Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 3.22 2.92 2.55 2.81 2.55 2.23 2.55 2.32 2.03
38 × 140 5.06 4.60 4.02 4.42 4.02 3.51 4.02 3.65 3.19
Select
38 × 184 6.65 6.05 5.28 5.81 5.28 4.61 5.28 4.80 4.19
Structural
38 × 235 8.50 7.72 6.74 7.42 6.74 5.89 6.74 6.13 5.35
38 × 286 10.34 9.40 8.21 9.03 8.21 7.17 8.21 7.46 6.52
38 × 89 3.11 2.83 2.47 2.72 2.47 2.16 2.47 2.24 1.96
38 × 140 4.90 4.45 3.89 4.28 3.89 3.40 3.89 3.53 3.08
Spruce – Pine – Fir No. 1 and
(includes Spruce (all species 38 × 184 6.44 5.85 5.11 5.62 5.11 4.41 5.11 4.64 3.89
No. 2
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 38 × 235 8.22 7.47 6.38 7.18 6.52 5.39 6.52 5.82 4.75
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 38 × 286 10.00 9.06 7.40 8.74 7.66 6.25 7.80 6.76 5.52
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
38 × 89 3.06 2.78 2.31 2.67 2.39 1.95 2.43 2.11 1.72
38 × 140 4.67 4.04 3.30 3.95 3.42 2.79 3.48 3.01 2.46
No. 3 38 × 184 5.68 4.92 4.02 4.80 4.16 3.40 4.23 3.67 2.99
38 × 235 6.95 6.02 4.91 5.87 5.08 4.15 5.18 4.48 3.66
38 × 286 8.06 6.98 5.70 6.81 5.90 4.82 6.01 5.20 4.25
Construction 38 × 89 3.06 2.78 2.43 2.67 2.43 2.12 2.43 2.20 1.93
Standard 38 × 89 2.78 2.41 1.97 2.35 2.04 1.66 2.07 1.79 1.47
38 × 89 2.88 2.61 2.28 2.51 2.28 1.99 2.28 2.07 1.81
38 × 140 4.53 4.11 3.59 3.95 3.59 3.14 3.59 3.26 2.85
Select
38 × 184 5.95 5.40 4.72 5.20 4.72 4.12 4.72 4.29 3.68
Structural
38 × 235 7.60 6.90 6.03 6.64 6.03 5.11 6.03 5.48 4.51
38 × 286 9.25 8.40 7.01 8.08 7.26 5.93 7.34 6.40 5.23
38 × 89 2.81 2.55 2.23 2.46 2.23 1.95 2.23 2.03 1.77
38 × 140 4.42 4.02 3.44 3.86 3.51 2.91 3.51 3.14 2.56
Northern Species No. 1 and
(includes any Canadian 38 × 184 5.81 5.13 4.19 5.00 4.33 3.54 4.41 3.82 3.12
No. 2
species covered by the 38 × 235 7.24 6.27 5.12 6.12 5.30 4.33 5.40 4.67 3.82
NLGA Standard Grading 38 × 286 8.40 7.27 5.94 7.10 6.15 5.02 6.26 5.42 4.43
Rules)
38 × 89 2.62 2.27 1.85 2.22 1.92 1.57 1.95 1.69 1.38
38 × 140 3.74 3.24 2.65 3.16 2.74 2.24 2.79 2.42 1.97
No. 3 38 × 184 4.56 3.94 3.22 3.85 3.33 2.72 3.40 2.94 2.40
38 × 235 5.57 4.82 3.94 4.71 4.08 3.33 4.15 3.60 2.94
38 × 286 6.46 5.60 4.57 5.46 4.73 3.86 4.82 4.17 3.41
Construction 38 × 89 2.74 2.49 2.11 2.40 2.18 1.90 2.18 1.93 1.57
Standard 38 × 89 2.22 1.93 1.57 1.88 1.63 1.33 1.66 1.44 1.17
Table 9.23.4.2.-G
Maximum Spans for Roof Rafters – Specified Roof Snow Loads 2.5 and 3.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and 9.23.4.5.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Rafter Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 2.5 3.0
mm
Rafter Spacing, mm Rafter Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 2.51 2.28 1.99 2.37 2.15 1.88
38 × 140 3.95 3.59 3.14 3.72 3.38 2.95
Select
38 × 184 5.20 4.72 4.12 4.89 4.44 3.83
Structural
38 × 235 6.64 6.03 5.08 6.24 5.67 4.68
38 × 286 8.08 7.23 5.90 7.60 6.65 5.43
38 × 89 2.41 2.19 1.86 2.27 2.06 1.71
38 × 140 3.76 3.26 2.66 3.46 3.00 2.45
No. 1 and
Douglas Fir – Larch 38 × 184 4.58 3.96 3.24 4.21 3.65 2.98
No. 2
(includes Douglas Fir and 38 × 235 5.60 4.85 3.96 5.15 4.46 3.64
Western Larch) 38 × 286 6.50 5.63 4.59 5.98 5.17 4.23
38 × 89 1.79 1.55 1.26 1.64 1.42 1.16
38 × 140 2.55 2.21 1.80 2.35 2.03 1.66
No. 3 38 × 184 3.10 2.69 2.20 2.86 2.47 2.02
38 × 235 3.80 3.29 2.68 3.49 3.02 2.47
38 × 286 4.41 3.82 3.12 4.05 3.51 2.87
Construction 38 × 89 2.30 2.00 1.63 2.12 1.84 1.50
Standard 38 × 89 1.73 1.50 1.22 1.59 1.38 1.12
38 × 89 2.48 2.25 1.97 2.33 2.12 1.85
38 × 140 3.90 3.54 3.10 3.67 3.33 2.91
Select
38 × 184 5.13 4.66 4.07 4.82 4.38 3.77
Structural
38 × 235 6.55 5.95 5.01 6.16 5.60 4.61
38 × 286 7.97 7.12 5.81 7.50 6.55 5.34
38 × 89 2.41 2.19 1.91 2.27 2.06 1.80
38 × 140 3.79 3.42 2.79 3.57 3.14 2.57
No. 1 and
Hem – Fir 38 × 184 4.80 4.16 3.40 4.42 3.83 3.12
No. 2
(includes Western Hemlock 38 × 235 5.87 5.08 4.15 5.40 4.68 3.82
and Amabilis Fir) 38 × 286 6.81 5.90 4.82 6.27 5.43 4.43
38 × 89 2.21 1.91 1.56 2.03 1.76 1.43
38 × 140 3.15 2.73 2.23 2.90 2.51 2.05
No. 3 38 × 184 3.83 3.32 2.71 3.52 3.05 2.49
38 × 235 4.68 4.06 3.31 4.31 3.73 3.05
38 × 286 5.53 4.71 3.84 5.00 4.33 3.54
Commercial 38 × 89 2.33 2.09 1.71 2.20 1.93 1.57
Standard 38 × 89 1.81 1.57 1.28 1.66 1.44 1.18
Table 9.23.4.2.-G (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Roof Rafters – Specified Roof Snow Loads 2.5 and 3.0 kPa
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(1) and 9.23.4.5.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Specified Snow Load, kPa
Rafter Size,
Commercial Designation Grade 2.5 3.0
mm
Rafter Spacing, mm Rafter Spacing, mm
300 400 600 300 400 600
38 × 89 2.37 2.15 1.88 2.23 2.03 1.77
38 × 140 3.73 3.39 2.96 3.51 3.19 2.79
Select
38 × 184 4.90 4.45 3.89 4.61 4.19 3.66
Structural
38 × 235 6.26 5.69 4.97 5.89 5.35 4.68
38 × 286 7.62 6.92 5.90 7.17 6.52 5.43
38 × 89 2.29 2.08 1.82 2.16 1.96 1.71
38 × 140 3.61 3.28 2.86 3.40 3.08 2.66
Spruce – Pine – Fir No. 1 and
(includes Spruce (all species 38 × 184 4.74 4.31 3.52 4.46 3.96 3.23
No. 2
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 38 × 235 6.06 5.27 4.30 5.59 4.84 3.96
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 38 × 286 7.06 6.11 4.99 6.49 5.62 4.59
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
38 × 89 2.21 1.91 1.56 2.03 1.76 1.43
38 × 140 3.15 2.73 2.23 2.90 2.51 2.05
No. 3 38 × 184 3.83 3.32 2.71 3.52 3.05 2.49
38 × 235 4.68 4.06 3.31 4.31 3.73 3.05
38 × 286 5.43 4.71 3.84 5.00 4.33 3.54
Construction 38 × 89 2.25 2.05 1.77 2.12 1.93 1.63
Standard 38 × 89 1.87 1.62 1.33 1.72 1.49 1.22
38 × 89 2.12 1.93 1.68 1.99 1.81 1.58
38 × 140 3.33 3.03 2.65 3.14 2.85 2.49
Select
38 × 184 4.38 3.98 3.33 4.12 3.75 3.07
Structural
38 × 235 5.60 4.99 4.08 5.27 4.59 3.75
38 × 286 6.69 5.79 4.73 6.15 5.33 4.35
38 × 89 2.07 1.88 1.62 1.95 1.77 1.49
38 × 140 3.26 2.84 2.32 3.02 2.61 2.13
Northern Species No. 1 and
38 × 184 3.99 3.46 2.82 3.67 3.18 2.60
(includes any Canadian No. 2
38 × 235 4.88 4.23 3.45 4.49 3.89 3.17
species covered by the NLGA
Standard Grading Rules) 38 × 286 5.66 4.90 4.00 5.21 4.51 3.68
38 × 89 1.77 1.53 1.25 1.63 1.41 1.15
38 × 140 2.52 2.19 1.78 2.32 2.01 1.64
No. 3 38 × 184 3.07 2.66 2.17 2.82 2.45 2.00
38 × 235 3.76 3.25 2.66 3.45 2.99 2.44
38 × 286 4.36 3.77 3.08 4.01 3.47 2.83
Construction 38 × 89 2.01 1.74 1.42 1.85 1.60 1.31
Standard 38 × 89 1.50 1.30 1.06 1.38 1.19 0.98
Table 9.23.4.2.-H
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting Not More than One Floor(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(3), 9.23.4.4.(3) and 9.23.8.1.(1)
Maximum Span, m(5)(6)
Supported
Commercial Size of Built-up Beam, mm
Grade Length,
Designation 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5–
m(3)(4)
38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 286 38 × 286 38 × 286
2.4 3.36 3.70 3.99 4.30 4.73 5.09 5.23 5.66 5.99
3.0 3.12 3.44 3.70 3.99 4.39 4.73 4.84 5.34 5.66
3.6 2.94 3.23 3.48 3.75 4.13 4.45 4.41 5.03 5.41
Select
4.2 2.79 3.07 3.31 3.52 3.92 4.23 4.09 4.72 5.14
Structural
4.8 2.67 2.94 3.17 3.29 3.75 4.04 3.82 4.41 4.92
5.4 2.54 2.83 3.04 3.11 3.59 3.89 3.60 4.16 4.65
Douglas Fir – Larch 6.0 2.41 2.73 2.94 2.95 3.40 3.75 3.42 3.95 4.41
(includes Douglas Fir
and Western Larch) 2.4 2.97 3.42 3.82 3.63 4.19 4.68 4.21 4.86 5.43
3.0 2.65 3.06 3.42 3.24 3.75 4.19 3.76 4.35 4.86
3.6 2.42 2.80 3.13 2.96 3.42 3.82 3.44 3.97 4.44
No. 1 and
4.2 2.24 2.59 2.89 2.74 3.17 3.54 3.18 3.67 4.11
No. 2
4.8 2.10 2.42 2.71 2.56 2.96 3.31 2.98 3.44 3.84
5.4 1.98 2.28 2.55 2.42 2.79 3.12 2.81 3.24 3.62
6.0 1.88 2.17 2.42 2.29 2.65 2.96 2.66 3.07 3.44
2.4 3.32 3.65 3.93 4.24 4.66 5.03 5.16 5.61 5.93
3.0 3.08 3.39 3.65 3.93 4.33 4.66 4.76 5.27 5.61
3.6 2.90 3.19 3.44 3.70 4.08 4.39 4.35 4.96 5.34
Select
4.2 2.75 3.03 3.27 3.47 3.87 4.17 4.02 4.65 5.07
Structural
4.8 2.63 2.90 3.12 3.24 3.70 3.99 3.66 4.35 4.85
5.4 2.49 2.79 3.00 2.95 3.53 3.83 3.32 4.10 4.58
Hem – Fir
(includes Western 6.0 2.28 2.69 2.90 2.70 3.35 3.70 3.04 3.87 4.35
Hemlock and Amabilis 2.4 3.11 3.55 3.82 3.80 4.39 4.88 4.41 5.10 5.70
Fir)
3.0 2.78 3.21 3.55 3.40 3.93 4.39 3.95 4.56 5.10
3.6 2.54 2.93 3.28 3.11 3.59 4.01 3.60 4.16 4.65
No. 1 and
4.2 2.35 2.72 3.04 2.88 3.32 3.71 3.34 3.85 4.31
No. 2
4.8 2.20 2.54 2.84 2.69 3.11 3.47 3.12 3.60 4.03
5.4 2.07 2.39 2.68 2.54 2.93 3.27 2.94 3.40 3.80
6.0 1.97 2.27 2.54 2.41 2.78 3.11 2.79 3.22 3.60
Table 9.23.4.2.-H (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting Not More than One Floor(1)(2)
Forming Part Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(3), 9.23.4.4.(3) and 9.23.8.1.(1)
Maximum Span, m(5)(6)
Supported
Commercial Size of Built-up Beam, mm
Grade Length,
Designation 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5–
m(3)(4)
38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 286 38 × 286 38 × 286
2.4 3.17 3.49 3.76 4.05 4.46 4.81 4.93 5.42 5.73
3.0 2.95 3.24 3.49 3.76 4.14 4.46 4.58 5.04 5.42
3.6 2.77 3.05 3.29 3.54 3.90 4.20 4.31 4.74 5.11
Select
4.2 2.63 2.90 3.12 3.36 3.70 3.99 4.09 4.51 4.85
Structural
Spruce – Pine – Fir 4.8 2.52 2.77 2.99 3.22 3.54 3.81 3.82 4.31 4.64
(includes Spruce (all 5.4 2.42 2.67 2.87 3.09 3.41 3.67 3.60 4.14 4.46
species except Coast 6.0 2.34 2.57 2.77 2.95 3.29 3.54 3.32 3.95 4.31
Sitka Spruce), Jack
Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 2.4 3.07 3.38 3.64 3.92 4.32 4.65 4.57 5.25 5.59
Balsam Fir and Alpine 3.0 2.85 3.14 3.38 3.52 4.01 4.32 4.09 4.72 5.25
Fir) 3.6 2.63 2.95 3.18 3.22 3.71 4.06 3.73 4.31 4.82
No. 1 and
4.2 2.44 2.80 3.02 2.98 3.44 3.84 3.46 3.99 4.46
No. 2
4.8 2.28 2.63 2.89 2.79 3.22 3.60 3.23 3.73 4.17
5.4 2.15 2.48 2.77 2.63 3.03 3.39 3.05 3.52 3.93
6.0 2.04 2.35 2.63 2.49 2.88 3.22 2.89 3.34 3.73
2.4 2.84 3.12 3.36 3.62 3.99 4.30 4.33 4.85 5.23
3.0 2.63 2.90 3.12 3.34 3.70 3.99 3.88 4.47 4.85
3.6 2.48 2.73 2.94 3.05 3.48 3.75 3.54 4.08 4.57
Select
4.2 2.31 2.59 2.79 2.82 3.26 3.57 3.28 3.78 4.23
Structural
4.8 2.16 2.48 2.67 2.64 3.05 3.41 3.06 3.54 3.96
Northern Species
5.4 2.04 2.35 2.57 2.49 2.87 3.21 2.89 3.34 3.73
(includes any
Canadian species 6.0 1.93 2.23 2.48 2.36 2.73 3.05 2.74 3.16 3.54
covered by the NLGA 2.4 2.59 2.99 3.29 3.16 3.65 4.08 3.67 4.24 4.74
Standard Grading
3.0 2.31 2.67 2.99 2.83 3.27 3.65 3.28 3.79 4.24
Rules)
3.6 2.11 2.44 2.73 2.58 2.98 3.33 3.00 3.46 3.87
No. 1 and
4.2 1.95 2.26 2.52 2.39 2.76 3.09 2.77 3.20 3.58
No. 2
4.8 1.83 2.11 2.36 2.24 2.58 2.89 2.59 3.00 3.35
5.4 1.72 1.99 2.23 2.11 2.43 2.72 2.45 2.82 3.16
6.0 1.64 1.89 2.11 2.00 2.31 2.58 2.32 2.68 3.00
Notes to Table 9.23.4.2.-H:
(1) Beam spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load
on the floors does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.
(2) When the floors have a concrete topping of not more than 51 mm, the spans must be multiplied by 0.8.
(3) Supported length means half the sum of the joists spans on both sides of the beam.
(4) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.
(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.
(6) 3-ply beams with supported lengths greater than 4.2 m require minimum bearing length of 114 mm. All other beams require
minimum bearing length of 76 mm.
Table 9.23.4.2.-I
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting Not More than Two Floors(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(3), 9.23.4.4.(3) and 9.23.8.1.(1)
Maximum Span, m(5)(6)
Supported
Size of Built-up Beam, mm
Commercial Designation Grade Length,
m(3)(4) 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5–
38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 286 38 × 286 38 × 286
2.4 2.80 3.08 3.32 3.49 3.93 4.24 4.05 4.67 5.16
3.0 2.55 2.86 3.08 3.12 3.60 3.93 3.62 4.18 4.67
3.6 2.33 2.69 2.90 2.85 3.29 3.68 3.30 3.82 4.27
Select
4.2 2.16 2.49 2.75 2.64 3.04 3.40 2.99 3.53 3.95
Structural
4.8 2.00 2.33 2.60 2.38 2.85 3.18 2.69 3.30 3.69
5.4 1.82 2.20 2.45 2.17 2.68 3.00 2.45 3.08 3.48
Douglas Fir – Larch 6.0 1.67 2.08 2.33 2.00 2.51 2.85 2.26 2.83 3.30
(includes Douglas Fir and
Western Larch) 2.4 2.22 2.56 2.87 2.72 3.14 3.51 3.15 3.64 4.07
3.0 1.99 2.29 2.56 2.43 2.80 3.14 2.82 3.25 3.64
3.6 1.81 2.09 2.34 2.22 2.56 2.86 2.57 2.97 3.32
No. 1 and
4.2 1.68 1.94 2.17 2.05 2.37 2.65 2.38 2.75 3.07
No. 2
4.8 1.57 1.81 2.03 1.92 2.22 2.48 2.23 2.57 2.88
5.4 1.48 1.71 1.91 1.81 2.09 2.34 2.10 2.43 2.71
6.0 1.40 1.62 1.81 1.72 1.98 2.22 1.99 2.30 2.57
2.4 2.76 3.04 3.27 3.43 3.88 4.18 3.99 4.60 5.09
3.0 2.51 2.82 3.04 2.97 3.55 3.88 3.34 4.12 4.60
3.6 2.15 2.65 2.86 2.56 3.24 3.62 2.88 3.65 4.20
Select
4.2 1.90 2.40 2.72 2.26 2.85 3.35 2.55 3.21 3.87
Structural
4.8 1.70 2.15 2.56 2.03 2.56 3.08 2.30 2.88 3.46
5.4 1.56 1.95 2.35 1.86 2.32 2.79 2.11 2.62 3.14
Hem – Fir 6.0 1.44 1.79 2.15 1.72 2.14 2.56 1.96 2.42 2.88
(includes Western Hemlock
and Amabilis Fir) 2.4 2.33 2.69 3.01 2.85 3.29 3.68 3.30 3.82 4.27
3.0 2.08 2.41 2.69 2.55 2.94 3.29 2.96 3.41 3.82
3.6 1.90 2.20 2.45 2.33 2.68 3.00 2.70 3.12 3.48
No. 1 and
4.2 1.76 2.03 2.27 2.15 2.49 2.78 2.50 2.88 3.22
No. 2
4.8 1.65 1.90 2.13 2.01 2.33 2.60 2.30 2.70 3.02
5.4 1.55 1.79 2.00 1.86 2.19 2.45 2.11 2.54 2.84
6.0 1.44 1.70 1.90 1.72 2.08 2.33 1.96 2.41 2.70
Table 9.23.4.2.-I (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting Not More than Two Floors(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(3), 9.23.4.4.(3) and 9.23.8.1.(1)
Maximum Span, m(5)(6)
Supported
Size of Built-up Beam, mm
Commercial Designation Grade Length,
m(3)(4) 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5–
38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 286 38 × 286 38 × 286
2.4 2.64 2.91 3.13 3.37 3.71 4.00 4.05 4.52 4.87
3.0 2.45 2.70 2.91 3.12 3.45 3.71 3.62 4.18 4.52
3.6 2.31 2.54 2.73 2.79 3.24 3.49 3.14 3.82 4.25
Select
4.2 2.07 2.41 2.60 2.46 3.04 3.32 2.77 3.50 3.95
Structural
4.8 1.85 2.31 2.48 2.21 2.79 3.17 2.50 3.14 3.69
Spruce – Pine – Fir
5.4 1.69 2.13 2.39 2.02 2.53 3.00 2.28 2.85 3.42
(includes Spruce (all
species except Coast Sitka 6.0 1.56 1.95 2.31 1.86 2.32 2.79 2.11 2.62 3.14
Spruce), Jack Pine, 2.4 2.41 2.79 3.03 2.95 3.41 3.81 3.42 3.95 4.42
Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir
3.0 2.16 2.49 2.79 2.64 3.05 3.41 3.06 3.53 3.95
and Alpine Fir)
3.6 1.97 2.27 2.54 2.41 2.78 3.11 2.79 3.23 3.61
No. 1 and
4.2 1.82 2.11 2.35 2.23 2.57 2.88 2.59 2.99 3.34
No. 2
4.8 1.71 1.97 2.20 2.09 2.41 2.69 2.42 2.79 3.12
5.4 1.61 1.86 2.08 1.97 2.27 2.54 2.28 2.63 2.95
6.0 1.53 1.76 1.97 1.86 2.15 2.41 2.11 2.50 2.79
2.4 2.29 2.60 2.80 2.80 3.23 3.57 3.24 3.75 4.19
3.0 2.04 2.36 2.60 2.50 2.89 3.23 2.90 3.35 3.75
3.6 1.87 2.16 2.41 2.28 2.64 2.95 2.65 3.06 3.42
Select
4.2 1.73 2.00 2.23 2.11 2.44 2.73 2.45 2.83 3.17
Structural
4.8 1.62 1.87 2.09 1.98 2.28 2.55 2.29 2.65 2.96
Northern Species 5.4 1.52 1.76 1.97 1.86 2.15 2.41 2.11 2.50 2.79
(includes any Canadian 6.0 1.44 1.67 1.87 1.72 2.04 2.28 1.96 2.37 2.65
species covered by the
NLGA Standard Grading 2.4 1.94 2.24 2.50 2.37 2.73 3.06 2.75 3.17 3.55
Rules) 3.0 1.73 2.00 2.24 2.12 2.44 2.73 2.46 2.84 3.17
3.6 1.58 1.83 2.04 1.93 2.23 2.50 2.24 2.59 2.90
No. 1 and
4.2 1.46 1.69 1.89 1.79 2.07 2.31 2.08 2.40 2.68
No. 2
4.8 1.37 1.58 1.77 1.67 1.93 2.16 1.94 2.24 2.51
5.4 1.29 1.49 1.67 1.58 1.82 2.04 1.83 2.11 2.36
6.0 1.22 1.41 1.58 1.50 1.73 1.93 1.74 2.01 2.24
Notes to Table 9.23.4.2.-I:
(1) Beam spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on
the floors does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.
(2) When the floors have a concrete topping of not more than 51 mm, the spans must be multiplied by 0.8.
(3) Supported length means half the sum of the joists spans on both sides of the beam.
(4) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.
(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.
(6) 3-ply beams require minimum bearing length of 114 mm. 4-ply and 5-ply beams with supported lengths greater than 3 m require
minimum bearing length of 114 mm. All other beams require minimum bearing length of 76 mm.
Table 9.23.4.2.-J
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting Not More than Three Floors(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(3), 9.23.4.4.(3) and 9.23.8.1.(1)
Maximum Span, m(5)(6)
Supported
Size of Built-up Beam, mm
Commercial Designation Grade Length,
m(3)(4) 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5–
38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 286 38 × 286 38 × 286
2.4 2.38 2.74 2.95 2.91 3.36 3.75 3.37 3.89 4.35
3.0 2.13 2.46 2.74 2.60 3.00 3.36 2.92 3.48 3.89
3.6 1.88 2.24 2.51 2.24 2.74 3.06 2.53 3.18 3.56
Select
4.2 1.66 2.08 2.32 1.99 2.49 2.84 2.25 2.81 3.29
Structural
4.8 1.50 1.88 2.17 1.80 2.24 2.65 2.04 2.53 3.02
5.4 1.38 1.71 2.05 1.65 2.04 2.44 1.88 2.31 2.75
Douglas Fir – Larch 6.0 1.28 1.58 1.88 1.53 1.89 2.24 1.75 2.14 2.53
(includes Douglas Fir and
Western Larch) 2.4 1.85 2.14 2.39 2.26 2.61 2.92 2.63 3.03 3.39
3.0 1.66 1.91 2.14 2.02 2.34 2.61 2.35 2.71 3.03
3.6 1.51 1.74 1.95 1.85 2.13 2.39 2.14 2.48 2.77
No. 1 and
4.2 1.40 1.62 1.81 1.71 1.98 2.21 1.99 2.29 2.56
No. 2
4.8 1.31 1.51 1.69 1.60 1.85 2.07 1.86 2.14 2.40
5.4 1.23 1.42 1.59 1.51 1.74 1.95 1.75 2.02 2.26
6.0 1.17 1.35 1.51 1.43 1.65 1.85 1.66 1.92 2.14
2.4 2.22 2.70 2.91 2.64 3.31 3.70 2.98 3.78 4.29
3.0 1.85 2.35 2.70 2.21 2.79 3.31 2.50 3.14 3.78
3.6 1.61 2.02 2.43 1.92 2.40 2.89 2.18 2.71 3.24
Select
4.2 1.43 1.78 2.14 1.71 2.13 2.54 1.95 2.40 2.86
Structural
4.8 1.30 1.61 1.92 1.56 1.92 2.28 1.77 2.18 2.58
5.4 1.19 1.47 1.74 1.44 1.76 2.08 1.64 2.00 2.35
Hem – Fir 6.0 1.11 1.36 1.61 1.34 1.63 1.92 1.53 1.85 2.18
(includes Western
Hemlock and Amabilis Fir) 2.4 1.94 2.24 2.51 2.37 2.74 3.06 2.75 3.18 3.56
3.0 1.74 2.00 2.24 2.12 2.45 2.74 2.46 2.84 3.18
3.6 1.58 1.83 2.05 1.92 2.24 2.50 2.18 2.60 2.90
No. 1 and
4.2 1.43 1.69 1.89 1.71 2.07 2.32 1.95 2.40 2.69
No. 2
4.8 1.30 1.58 1.77 1.56 1.92 2.17 1.77 2.18 2.51
5.4 1.19 1.47 1.67 1.44 1.76 2.04 1.64 2.00 2.35
6.0 1.11 1.36 1.58 1.34 1.63 1.92 1.53 1.85 2.18
Table 9.23.4.2.-J (Cont'd)
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting Not More than Three Floors(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(3), 9.23.4.4.(3) and 9.23.8.1.(1)
Maximum Span, m(5)(6)
Supported
Size of Built-up Beam, mm
Commercial Designation Grade Length,
m(3)(4) 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5– 3– 4– 5–
38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 184 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 235 38 × 286 38 × 286 38 × 286
2.4 2.35 2.58 2.78 2.89 3.30 3.55 3.24 3.89 4.33
3.0 2.02 2.40 2.58 2.40 3.00 3.30 2.71 3.42 3.89
3.6 1.74 2.20 2.43 2.08 2.62 3.06 2.35 2.95 3.54
Select
4.2 1.55 1.94 2.31 1.85 2.31 2.77 2.10 2.61 3.12
Structural
4.8 1.40 1.74 2.09 1.68 2.08 2.48 1.91 2.35 2.80
Spruce – Pine – Fir
5.4 1.28 1.59 1.90 1.54 1.90 2.26 1.76 2.16 2.55
(includes Spruce (all
species except Coast 6.0 1.19 1.47 1.74 1.44 1.76 2.08 1.64 2.00 2.35
Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, 2.4 2.01 2.32 2.60 2.46 2.84 3.17 2.85 3.29 3.68
Lodgepole Pine, Balsam
3.0 1.80 2.08 2.32 2.20 2.54 2.84 2.55 2.95 3.29
Fir and Alpine Fir)
3.6 1.64 1.90 2.12 2.01 2.32 2.59 2.33 2.69 3.01
No. 1 and
4.2 1.52 1.75 1.96 1.85 2.15 2.40 2.10 2.49 2.78
No. 2
4.8 1.40 1.64 1.84 1.68 2.01 2.24 1.91 2.33 2.60
5.4 1.28 1.55 1.73 1.54 1.89 2.12 1.76 2.16 2.46
6.0 1.19 1.47 1.64 1.44 1.76 2.01 1.64 2.00 2.33
2.4 1.91 2.20 2.46 2.33 2.69 3.01 2.70 3.12 3.49
3.0 1.70 1.97 2.20 2.08 2.41 2.69 2.42 2.79 3.12
3.6 1.56 1.80 2.01 1.90 2.20 2.46 2.18 2.55 2.85
Select
4.2 1.43 1.66 1.86 1.71 2.03 2.27 1.95 2.36 2.64
Structural
4.8 1.30 1.56 1.74 1.56 1.90 2.13 1.77 2.18 2.47
Northern Species 5.4 1.19 1.47 1.64 1.44 1.76 2.01 1.64 2.00 2.33
(includes any Canadian 6.0 1.11 1.36 1.56 1.34 1.63 1.90 1.53 1.85 2.18
species covered by the
NLGA Standard Grading 2.4 1.61 1.86 2.08 1.97 2.28 2.55 2.29 2.64 2.96
Rules) 3.0 1.44 1.67 1.86 1.76 2.04 2.28 2.05 2.36 2.64
3.6 1.32 1.52 1.70 1.61 1.86 2.08 1.87 2.16 2.41
No. 1 and
4.2 1.22 1.41 1.57 1.49 1.72 1.93 1.73 2.00 2.23
No. 2
4.8 1.14 1.32 1.47 1.40 1.61 1.80 1.62 1.87 2.09
5.4 1.08 1.24 1.39 1.32 1.52 1.70 1.53 1.76 1.97
6.0 1.02 1.18 1.32 1.25 1.44 1.61 1.45 1.67 1.87
Notes to Table 9.23.4.2.-J:
(1) Beam spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load
on the floors does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.
(2) When the floors have a concrete topping of not more than 51 mm, the spans must be multiplied by 0.8.
(3) Supported length means half the sum of the joists spans on both sides of the beam.
(4) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.
(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.
(6) 3-ply beams with supported lengths greater than 4.2 m require minimum bearing length of 152 mm. All other beams require
minimum bearing length of 114 mm.
Table 9.23.4.2.-K
Maximum Spans for Glue-Laminated Floor Beams – 20f-E Grade(1)
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(3), 9.23.4.4.(3) and 9.23.8.1.(1)
Maximum Span, m(4)(5)(6)(7)
Number of Storeys Supported
Beam Width, mm Beam Depth, mm
Supported Length, m(2)(3)
228 266 304 342 380 418 456
2.4 4.32 5.04 5.76 6.48 7.20 7.92 8.64
3.0 3.87 4.51 5.15 5.80 6.44 7.09 7.73
3.6 3.53 4.12 4.70 5.29 5.88 6.47 7.06
80 4.2 3.27 3.81 4.36 4.90 5.44 5.99 6.53
4.8 3.06 3.57 4.07 4.58 5.09 5.60 6.11
5.4 2.88 3.36 3.84 4.32 4.80 5.28 5.76
6.0 2.73 3.19 3.64 4.10 4.56 5.01 5.47
2.4 5.51 6.43 7.35 8.26 9.18 10.10 11.02
3.0 4.93 5.75 6.57 7.39 8.21 9.03 9.86
3.6 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 8.25 9.00
130 4.2 4.16 4.86 5.55 6.25 6.94 7.64 8.33
4.8 3.90 4.54 5.19 5.84 6.49 7.14 7.79
5.4 3.67 4.28 4.90 5.51 6.12 6.73 7.35
6.0 3.48 4.07 4.65 5.23 5.81 6.39 6.97
2.4 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92 5.47 6.01 6.56
3.0 2.93 3.42 3.91 4.40 4.89 5.38 5.87
3.6 2.68 3.12 3.57 4.02 4.46 4.91 5.36
80 4.2 2.48 2.89 3.31 3.72 4.13 4.54 4.96
4.8 2.32 2.71 3.09 3.48 3.86 4.25 4.64
5.4 2.19 2.55 2.91 3.28 3.64 4.01 4.37
6.0 2.07 2.42 2.77 3.11 3.46 3.80 4.15
2.4 4.18 4.88 5.57 6.27 6.97 7.66 8.36
3.0 3.74 4.36 4.99 5.61 6.23 6.85 7.48
3.6 3.41 3.98 4.55 5.12 5.69 6.26 6.83
130 4.2 3.16 3.69 4.21 4.74 5.27 5.79 6.32
4.8 2.96 3.45 3.94 4.43 4.93 5.42 5.91
5.4 2.79 3.25 3.72 4.18 4.64 5.11 5.57
6.0 2.64 3.08 3.53 3.97 4.41 4.85 5.29
2.4 2.75 3.21 3.66 4.12 4.58 5.04 5.50
3.0 2.46 2.87 3.28 3.69 4.10 4.51 4.92
3.6 2.24 2.62 2.99 3.37 3.74 4.11 4.49
80 4.2 2.08 2.42 2.77 3.12 3.46 3.81 4.15
4.8 1.94 2.27 2.59 2.91 3.24 3.56 3.89
5.4 1.83 2.14 2.44 2.75 3.05 3.36 3.66
6.0 1.74 2.03 2.32 2.61 2.90 3.19 3.48
2.4 3.50 4.09 4.67 5.25 5.84 6.42 7.01
3.0 3.13 3.66 4.18 4.70 5.22 5.74 6.27
3.6 2.86 3.34 3.81 4.29 4.77 5.24 5.72
130 4.2 2.65 3.09 3.53 3.97 4.41 4.85 5.30
4.8 2.48 2.89 3.30 3.72 4.13 4.54 4.95
5.4 2.34 2.72 3.11 3.50 3.89 4.28 4.67
6.0 2.22 2.58 2.95 3.32 3.69 4.06 4.43
Notes to Table 9.23.4.2.-K:
(1) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the floor does not
exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.
(2) Supported length means half the sum of the joist spans on both sides of the beam.
(3) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.
(4) Spans are valid for glued-laminated timber conforming to CAN/CSA-O122 and CSA O177.
(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.
(6) Provide a minimum bearing length of 89 mm. (Alternatively, the bearing length may be designed in accordance with Part 4.)
(7) Top edge of beam assumed to be fully laterally supported by joists.
Table 9.23.4.2.-L
Maximum Spans for Built-up Ridge Beams and Lintels Supporting the Roof and Ceiling Only – No. 1 or No. 2 Grade
Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.2.8.(1), 9.23.4.2.(4), 9.23.4.5.(1), 9.23.12.3.(1) and (3) and 9.23.14.10.(2)
Maximum Span, m(1)(2)(3)
Commercial Designation Beam or Lintel Size, mm Specified Snow Load, kPa
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
3 – 38 × 184 2.65 2.28 2.03 1.85 1.71
4 – 38 × 184 3.06 2.64 2.35 2.14 1.97
5 – 38 × 184 3.43 2.95 2.62 2.39 2.21
Douglas Fir – Larch 3 – 38 × 235 3.25 2.79 2.49 2.26 2.09
(includes Douglas Fir and 4 – 38 × 235 3.75 3.22 2.87 2.61 2.41
Western Larch) 5 – 38 × 235 4.19 3.60 3.21 2.92 2.70
3 – 38 × 286 3.77 3.24 2.88 2.62 2.43
4 – 38 × 286 4.35 3.74 3.33 3.03 2.80
5 – 38 × 286 4.86 4.18 3.72 3.39 3.13
3 – 38 × 184 2.78 2.39 2.13 1.94 1.79
4 – 38 × 184 3.21 2.76 2.46 2.24 2.07
5 – 38 × 184 3.59 3.09 2.75 2.50 2.31
Hem – Fir 3 – 38 × 235 3.40 2.93 2.61 2.37 2.19
(includes Western Hemlock 4 – 38 × 235 3.93 3.38 3.01 2.74 2.53
and Amabilis Fir) 5 – 38 × 235 4.39 3.78 3.36 3.06 2.83
3 – 38 × 286 3.95 3.40 3.02 2.75 2.54
4 – 38 × 286 4.56 3.92 3.49 3.18 2.94
5 – 38 × 286 5.10 4.38 3.90 3.55 3.28
3 – 38 × 184 2.88 2.48 2.21 2.01 1.86
4 – 38 × 184 3.30 2.86 2.55 2.32 2.14
5 – 38 × 184 3.55 3.10 2.82 2.59 2.40
Spruce – Pine – Fir
(includes Spruce (all species 3 – 38 × 235 3.53 3.03 2.70 2.46 2.27
except Coast Sitka Spruce), 4 – 38 × 235 4.07 3.50 3.12 2.84 2.62
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, 5 – 38 × 235 4.54 3.91 3.49 3.17 2.93
Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)
3 – 38 × 286 4.09 3.52 3.13 2.85 2.63
4 – 38 × 286 4.72 4.06 3.62 3.29 3.04
5 – 38 × 286 5.28 4.54 4.04 3.68 3.40
Notes to Table 9.23.4.2.-L:
(1) Beam and lintel spans are calculated based on a maximum supported length of 4.9 m. Spans may be increased by 5% for supported
lengths of not more than 4.3 m, by 10% for supported lengths of not more than 3.7 m, and by 25% for supported lengths of not more
than 2.4 m.
(2) For ridge beams, supported length means half the sum of the rafter, joist or truss spans on both sides of the beam. For lintels,
supported length means half the sum of truss, roof joist or rafter spans supported by the lintel plus the length of the overhang beyond
the lintel.
(3) Provide a minimum bearing length of 76 mm.
Table 9.23.4.3.-A
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls With Brick Veneer – 1.0 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 1.0
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 2.96 2.79 2.86 2.71 2.78 2.65 2.71 2.59
W 150 × 30 3.32 3.14 3.22 3.05 3.13 2.98 3.04 2.91
W 150 × 37 3.62 3.41 3.50 3.32 3.40 3.24 3.32 3.17
W 200 × 27 3.80 3.59 3.68 3.49 3.58 3.41 3.49 3.33
W 200 × 31 4.06 3.83 3.93 3.73 3.82 3.64 3.72 3.56
W 200 × 36 4.17 3.94 4.04 3.83 3.93 3.74 3.82 3.65
W 200 × 42 4.42 4.18 4.29 4.06 4.16 3.96 4.05 3.87
Steel Beam Section
W 250 × 33 4.71 4.44 4.56 4.32 4.43 4.22 4.31 4.12
W 250 × 39 5.04 4.76 4.88 4.63 4.75 4.52 4.62 4.41
W 250 × 49 5.32 5.02 5.15 4.89 5.01 4.77 4.87 4.66
W 310 × 39 5.66 5.34 5.49 5.20 5.33 5.07 5.19 4.96
W 310 × 45 5.96 5.62 5.77 5.47 5.61 5.34 5.46 5.22
W 310 × 52 6.33 5.98 6.13 5.82 5.96 5.67 5.8 5.54
W 310 × 60 6.50 6.14 6.30 5.98 6.12 5.83 5.96 5.69
W 360 × 33 5.61 5.29 5.43 5.15 5.28 5.03 5.14 4.91
W 360 × 39 6.01 5.68 5.83 5.53 5.66 5.39 5.51 5.27
W 360 × 45 6.38 6.03 6.19 5.87 6.01 5.72 5.85 5.59
W 360 × 51 6.70 6.32 6.49 6.16 6.31 6.00 6.14 5.87
W 360 × 57 7.00 6.61 6.78 6.43 6.59 6.28 6.42 6.13
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-A:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3.-B
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls With Siding – 1.0 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 1.0
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 4.20 3.82 3.98 3.67 3.81 3.51 3.66 3.35
W 150 × 30 4.72 4.30 4.48 4.13 4.28 3.98 4.11 3.85
W 150 × 37 5.14 4.68 4.88 4.49 4.66 4.33 4.48 4.19
W 200 × 27 5.41 4.92 5.13 4.72 4.90 4.56 4.71 4.41
Steel Beam Section
W 200 × 31 5.77 5.25 5.48 5.04 5.23 4.86 5.02 4.71
W 200 × 36 5.93 5.40 5.63 5.18 5.38 5.00 5.16 4.84
W 200 × 42 6.29 5.72 5.97 5.50 5.70 5.30 5.47 5.13
W 250 × 33 6.69 6.09 6.35 5.85 6.06 5.64 5.82 5.45
W 250 × 39 7.17 6.52 6.80 6.26 6.49 6.04 6.24 5.85
W 250 × 49 7.56 6.88 7.17 6.61 6.85 6.37 6.58 6.17
W 310 × 39 8.05 7.32 7.63 7.03 7.29 6.78 7.01 6.56
W 310 × 45 8.47 7.71 8.03 7.40 7.68 7.14 7.37 6.91
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-B:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3.-C
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls With Brick Veneer – 1.5 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 1.5
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 2.86 2.71 2.74 2.62 2.64 2.53 2.55 2.46
W 150 × 30 3.22 3.05 3.08 2.94 2.97 2.85 2.87 2.76
W 150 × 37 3.50 3.32 3.36 3.20 3.23 3.10 3.13 3.01
W 200 × 27 3.68 3.49 3.53 3.37 3.40 3.26 3.29 3.16
W 200 × 31 3.93 3.73 3.77 3.60 3.63 3.48 3.51 3.38
W 200 × 36 4.04 3.83 3.88 3.70 3.73 3.58 3.61 3.47
W 200 × 42 4.29 4.06 4.11 3.92 3.96 3.79 3.82 3.68
Steel Beam Section
W 250 × 33 4.56 4.32 4.37 4.17 4.21 4.03 4.07 3.91
W 250 × 39 4.88 4.63 4.68 4.47 4.51 4.32 4.36 4.19
W 250 × 49 5.15 4.89 4.94 4.71 4.76 4.56 4.60 4.42
W 310 × 39 5.49 5.20 5.26 5.01 5.06 4.85 4.89 4.71
W 310 × 45 5.77 5.47 5.53 5.28 5.33 5.11 5.15 4.95
W 310 × 52 6.13 5.82 5.88 5.61 5.66 5.43 5.47 5.26
W 310 × 60 6.30 5.98 6.04 5.76 5.81 5.57 5.62 5.41
W 360 × 33 5.43 5.15 5.21 4.97 5.01 4.81 4.85 4.66
W 360 × 39 5.83 5.53 5.58 5.33 5.38 5.15 5.20 5.00
W 360 × 45 6.19 5.87 5.93 5.65 5.71 5.47 5.52 5.31
W 360 × 51 6.49 6.16 6.22 5.93 5.99 5.74 5.79 5.57
W 360 × 57 6.78 6.43 6.50 6.20 6.26 6.00 6.05 5.82
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-C:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3.-D
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls With Siding – 1.5 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 1.5
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 3.98 3.67 3.73 3.48 3.53 3.30 3.36 3.12
W 150 × 30 4.48 4.13 4.19 3.91 3.97 3.74 3.78 3.59
W 150 × 37 4.88 4.49 4.56 4.26 4.32 4.07 4.12 3.91
W 200 × 27 5.13 4.72 4.80 4.48 4.54 4.28 4.33 4.11
Steel Beam Section
W 200 × 31 5.48 5.04 5.12 4.78 4.85 4.57 4.62 4.39
W 200 × 36 5.63 5.18 5.27 4.92 4.98 4.70 4.75 4.51
W 200 × 42 5.97 5.50 5.58 5.21 5.28 4.98 5.04 4.78
W 250 × 33 6.35 5.85 5.94 5.54 5.62 5.30 5.36 5.09
W 250 × 39 6.80 6.26 6.36 5.94 6.02 5.67 5.74 5.45
W 250 × 49 7.17 6.61 6.71 6.27 6.35 5.99 6.06 5.75
W 310 × 39 7.63 7.03 7.14 6.67 6.76 6.37 6.45 6.12
W 310 × 45 8.03 7.40 7.52 7.02 7.11 6.71 6.78 6.44
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-D:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3.-E
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls With Brick Veneer – 2.0 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 2.0
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 2.78 2.65 2.64 2.53 2.53 2.43 2.43 2.35
W 150 × 30 3.13 2.98 2.97 2.85 2.84 2.74 2.73 2.64
W 150 × 37 3.40 3.24 3.23 3.10 3.09 2.98 2.97 2.88
W 200 × 27 3.58 3.41 3.40 3.26 3.25 3.13 3.13 3.02
W 200 × 31 3.82 3.64 3.63 3.48 3.47 3.34 3.34 3.23
W 200 × 36 3.93 3.74 3.73 3.58 3.57 3.44 3.43 3.32
W 200 × 42 4.16 3.96 3.96 3.79 3.78 3.64 3.64 3.52
Steel Beam Section
W 250 × 33 4.43 4.22 4.21 4.03 4.02 3.88 3.87 3.74
W 250 × 39 4.75 4.52 4.51 4.32 4.31 4.15 4.15 4.01
W 250 × 49 5.01 4.77 4.76 4.56 4.55 4.38 4.37 4.23
W 310 × 39 5.33 5.07 5.06 4.85 4.84 4.66 4.65 4.50
W 310 × 45 5.61 5.34 5.33 5.11 5.10 4.91 4.90 4.74
W 310 × 52 5.96 5.67 5.66 5.43 5.41 5.21 5.21 5.03
W 310 × 60 6.12 5.83 5.81 5.57 5.56 5.36 5.35 5.17
W 360 × 33 5.28 5.03 5.01 4.81 4.80 4.62 4.61 4.46
W 360 × 39 5.66 5.39 5.38 5.15 5.14 4.95 4.94 4.78
W 360 × 45 6.01 5.72 5.71 5.47 5.46 5.26 5.25 5.08
W 360 × 51 6.31 6.00 5.99 5.74 5.73 5.52 5.51 5.33
W 360 × 57 6.59 6.28 6.26 6.00 5.99 5.77 5.76 5.57
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-E:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3.-F
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls With Siding – 2.0 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 2.0
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 3.81 3.54 3.53 3.33 3.32 3.13 3.15 2.94
W 150 × 30 4.28 3.98 3.97 3.74 3.73 3.55 3.54 3.39
W 150 × 37 4.66 4.33 4.32 4.07 4.06 3.86 3.85 3.69
W 200 × 27 4.90 4.56 4.54 4.28 4.27 4.06 4.05 3.88
Steel Beam Section
W 200 × 31 5.23 4.86 4.85 4.57 4.56 4.34 4.32 4.14
W 200 × 36 5.38 5.00 4.98 4.70 4.68 4.46 4.45 4.26
W 200 × 42 5.70 5.30 5.28 4.98 4.96 4.72 4.71 4.51
W 250 × 33 6.06 5.64 5.62 5.30 5.28 5.03 5.01 4.80
W 250 × 39 6.49 6.04 6.02 5.67 5.66 5.38 5.37 5.14
W 250 × 49 6.85 6.37 6.35 5.99 5.97 5.68 5.67 5.43
W 310 × 39 7.29 6.78 6.76 6.37 6.35 6.04 6.03 5.77
W 310 × 45 7.68 7.14 7.11 6.71 6.69 6.36 6.35 6.08
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-F:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3.-G
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls With Brick Veneer – 2.5 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 2.5
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 2.71 2.59 2.55 2.46 2.43 2.35 2.33 2.26
W 150 × 30 3.04 2.91 2.87 2.76 2.73 2.64 2.62 2.54
W 150 × 37 3.32 3.17 3.13 3.01 2.97 2.88 2.85 2.77
W 200 × 27 3.49 3.33 3.29 3.16 3.13 3.02 2.99 2.91
W 200 × 31 3.72 3.56 3.51 3.38 3.34 3.23 3.20 3.10
W 200 × 36 3.82 3.65 3.61 3.47 3.43 3.32 3.29 3.19
W 200 × 42 4.05 3.87 3.82 3.68 3.64 3.52 3.48 3.38
Steel Beam Section
W 250 × 33 4.31 4.12 4.07 3.91 3.87 3.74 3.71 3.60
W 250 × 39 4.62 4.41 4.36 4.19 4.15 4.01 3.97 3.85
W 250 × 49 4.87 4.66 4.60 4.42 4.37 4.23 4.19 4.07
W 310 × 39 5.19 4.96 4.89 4.71 4.65 4.50 4.46 4.33
W 310 × 45 5.46 5.22 5.15 4.95 4.90 4.74 4.69 4.55
W 310 × 52 5.80 5.54 5.47 5.26 5.21 5.03 4.98 4.84
W 310 × 60 5.96 5.69 5.62 5.41 5.35 5.17 5.12 4.97
W 360 × 33 5.14 4.91 4.85 4.66 4.61 4.46 4.42 4.29
W 360 × 39 5.51 5.27 5.20 5.00 4.94 4.78 4.73 4.60
W 360 × 45 5.85 5.59 5.52 5.31 5.25 5.08 5.03 4.88
W 360 × 51 6.14 5.87 5.79 5.57 5.51 5.33 5.27 5.12
W 360 × 57 6.42 6.13 6.05 5.82 5.76 5.57 5.51 5.35
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-G:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3.-H
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls With Siding – 2.5 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 2.5
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 3.66 3.43 3.36 3.19 3.15 2.98 2.98 2.79
W 150 × 30 4.11 3.85 3.78 3.59 3.54 3.39 3.35 3.23
W 150 × 37 4.48 4.19 4.12 3.91 3.85 3.69 3.64 3.51
W 200 × 27 4.71 4.41 4.33 4.11 4.05 3.88 3.83 3.69
Steel Beam Section
W 200 × 31 5.02 4.71 4.62 4.39 4.32 4.14 4.09 3.94
W 200 × 36 5.16 4.84 4.75 4.51 4.45 4.26 4.21 4.05
W 200 × 42 5.47 5.13 5.04 4.78 4.71 4.51 4.46 4.30
W 250 × 33 5.82 5.46 5.36 5.09 5.01 4.80 4.74 4.54
W 250 × 39 6.24 5.85 5.74 5.45 5.37 5.14 5.08 4.90
W 250 × 49 6.58 6.17 6.06 5.75 5.67 5.43 5.36 5.17
W 310 × 39 7.01 6.56 6.45 6.12 6.03 5.78 5.70 5.47
W 310 × 45 7.37 6.91 6.78 6.44 6.35 6.08 6.00 5.79
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3.-H:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3-I
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls With Brick Veneer – 3.0 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 3.0
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 2.64 2.53 2.48 2.39 2.35 2.28 2.24 2.18
W 150 × 30 2.97 2.85 2.78 2.69 2.64 2.56 2.52 2.45
W 150 × 37 3.23 3.10 3.03 2.93 2.87 2.79 2.74 2.67
W 200 × 27 3.40 3.26 3.19 3.08 3.02 2.93 2.88 2.81
W 200 × 31 3.63 3.48 3.40 3.28 3.22 3.13 3.08 3.00
W 200 × 36 3.73 3.58 3.50 3.38 3.31 3.21 3.16 3.08
W 200 × 42 3.96 3.79 3.71 3.58 3.51 3.41 3.35 3.26
Steel Beam Section
W 250 × 33 4.21 4.03 3.94 3.81 3.74 3.62 3.57 3.47
W 250 × 39 4.51 4.32 4.23 4.08 4.00 3.88 3.82 3.72
W 250 × 49 4.76 4.56 4.46 4.30 4.22 4.10 4.03 3.93
W 310 × 39 5.06 4.85 4.74 4.58 4.49 4.36 4.29 4.18
W 310 × 45 5.33 5.11 4.99 4.82 4.73 4.59 4.51 4.40
W 310 × 52 5.66 5.43 5.31 5.12 5.03 4.88 4.80 4.67
W 310 × 60 5.81 5.57 5.45 5.26 5.16 5.01 4.93 4.80
W 360 × 33 5.01 4.81 4.70 4.54 4.45 4.32 4.25 4.14
W 360 × 39 5.38 5.15 5.04 4.86 4.77 4.63 4.56 4.44
W 360 × 45 5.71 5.47 5.35 5.16 5.07 4.92 4.84 4.71
W 360 × 51 5.99 5.74 5.61 5.42 5.32 5.16 5.08 4.94
W 360 × 57 6.26 6.00 5.87 5.66 5.56 5.39 5.31 5.17
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3-I:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.4.3-J
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units
Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls With Siding – 3.0 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)
Maximum Span, m
Roof Live Load, kPa 3.0
Supported Roof Length, m(1) 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Supported Floor Length, m(2) 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.4 3.6
W 150 × 22 3.53 3.33 3.23 3.08 3.01 2.85 2.83 2.66
W 150 × 30 3.97 3.74 3.63 3.47 3.38 3.26 3.19 3.09
W 150 × 37 4.32 4.07 3.95 3.77 3.68 3.55 3.48 3.37
W 200 × 27 4.54 4.28 4.15 3.97 3.87 3.73 3.65 3.52
Steel Beam Section
W 200 × 31 4.85 4.57 4.43 4.23 4.13 3.98 3.90 3.78
W 200 × 36 4.98 4.70 4.56 4.35 4.25 4.09 4.01 3.88
W 200 × 42 5.28 4.98 4.83 4.61 4.50 4.34 4.25 4.12
W 250 × 33 5.62 5.30 5.14 4.91 4.79 4.61 4.52 4.33
W 250 × 39 6.02 5.67 5.51 5.26 5.13 4.94 4.84 4.69
W 250 × 49 6.35 5.99 5.81 5.55 5.42 5.21 5.11 4.95
W 310 × 39 6.76 6.37 6.18 5.90 5.76 5.55 5.44 5.21
W 310 × 45 7.11 6.71 6.51 6.21 6.07 5.84 5.72 5.54
Notes to Table 9.23.4.3-J:
(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.
(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.
Table 9.23.10.1.-A
Sizes for Spruce-Pine-Fir No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs With Brick Veneer(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)
Stud Size and Spacing
Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60
Specified Roof Stud Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m
Snow Load, kPa Length, m 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A B B B B
4.6 B B B B C C C C
1.0
5.0 C C C C C C D D
5.3 C C C C D D D D
5.6 C C D D D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A B B B B
4.6 B B B B C C C C
1.5
5.0 C C C C C C D D
5.3 C C C C D D D D
5.6 C C D D D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A B B B B
4.6 B B B B C C C C
2.0
5.0 C C C C C C D D
5.3 C C C C D D D D
5.6 C C D D D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A B B B B
4.6 B B B B C C C C
2.5
5.0 C C C C C C D D
5.3 C C C C D D D D
5.6 C C D D D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A B B B B
4.6 B B B B C C C C
3.0
5.0 C C C C C C D D
5.3 C C C C D D D D
5.6 C C D D D D
Legend - Stud Size and Spacing
A = 38 × 140 mm at 400 mm on centre C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 400 mm on centre
B = 38 × 140 mm at 300 mm on centre D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 300 mm on centre
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.-A:
(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy
roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.
(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).
Table 9.23.10.1.-B
Sizes for Spruce-Pine-Fir No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs With Siding(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)
Stud Size and Spacing
Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60
Specified Roof Stud Length, Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m
Snow Load, kPa m 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A A A
1.0
5.0 A A A A A A B B
5.3 A A A A B B B B
5.6 A A B B B B C C
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A A A
1.5
5.0 A A A A A A B B
5.3 A A A A B B B B
5.6 A A B B B B C C
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A A A
2.0
5.0 A A A A A A B B
5.3 A A A A B B B B
5.6 A A B B B B C C
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A A A
2.5
5.0 A A A A A A B B
5.3 A A A A B B B B
5.6 A B B B B B C C
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A A A
3.0
5.0 A A A A A A B B
5.3 A B A B B B B B
5.6 A B B B B B C C
Legend - Stud Size and Spacing
A = 38 × 140 mm at 400 mm on centre C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 400 mm on centre
B = 38 × 140 mm at 300 mm on centre D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 300 mm on centre
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.-B:
(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy
roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.
(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).
Table 9.23.10.1.-C
Sizes for Northern Species No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs With Brick Veneer(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)
Stud Size and Spacing
Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60
Specified Roof Snow Stud Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m
Load, kPa Length, m 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0
3.8 A A A A B B B B
4.2 B B B B C C C C
4.6 C C C C C C D D
1.0
5.0 C C D D D D
5.3 D D D D
5.6
3.8 A A A A B B B B
4.2 B B B B C C C C
4.6 C C C C C C D D
1.5
5.0 C C D D D D
5.3 D D D D
5.6
3.8 A A A A B B B B
4.2 B B B B C C C C
4.6 C C C C C C D D
2.0
5.0 C C D D D D
5.3 D D D D
5.6
3.8 A A A A B B B B
4.2 B B B B C C C C
4.6 C C C C C C D D
2.5
5.0 C C D D D D
5.3 D D D D
5.6
3.8 A A A A B B B B
4.2 B B B B C C C C
4.6 C C C C C C D D
3.0
5.0 C C D D D D
5.3 D D D D
5.6
Legend - Stud Size and Spacing
A = 38 × 140 mm at 400 mm on centre C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 400 mm on centre
B = 38 × 140 mm at 300 mm on centre D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 300 mm on centre
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.-C:
(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy
roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.
(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).
Table 9.23.10.1.-D
Sizes for Northern Species No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs With Siding(1)(2)
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)
Stud Size and Spacing
Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60
Specified Roof Snow Stud Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m Supported Roof Length, m
Load, kPa Length, m 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.0
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A B B
1.0
5.0 A A B B B B C C
5.3 B B B B C C C C
5.6 C C C C C C D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A B B
1.5
5.0 A A B B B B C C
5.3 B B B B C C C C
5.6 C C C C C C D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A B B
2.0
5.0 A A B B B B C C
5.3 B B B B C C C C
5.6 C C C C C C D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A A A A A A B B
2.5
5.0 A B B B B B C C
5.3 B B B B C C C C
5.6 C C C C C C D D
3.8 A A A A A A A A
4.2 A A A A A A A A
4.6 A B A B A B B B
3.0
5.0 A B B B B B C C
5.3 B C B C C C C C
5.6 C C C C C C D D
Legend - Stud Size and Spacing
A = 38 × 140 mm at 400 mm on centre C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 400 mm on centre
B = 38 × 140 mm at 300 mm on centre D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 300 mm on centre
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.-D:
(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy
roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.
(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).
Table 9.23.10.7.-A
Minimum Number of 38 × 89 mm Spruce-Pine-Fir Stud Posts in
Exterior Stud Walls Supporting Girder Trusses and Roof Beams (1)(2)(3)
Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.7.(2)
Minimum Number of Studs
Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa
Span of
Stud 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Beam or
Height,
Girder, Supported Length, m Supported Length, m Supported Length, m Supported Length, m Supported Length, m
m
m
2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
2.4 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3
3.6 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 4 2 3 4 5
4.8 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 4 5
6.0 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 4 3 5
2.4 7.2 2 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 4 5 4